Abstract: Ultra LEO spacecraft has become a hot research field for a wide range of application in military, remote sensing, scientific research, etc. Due to the special space environment of ultra-low orbit, many technical difficulties need to be solved, mainly focusing on atmospheric environment prediction, aerodynamic, aerothermal and so on. This paper introduces the typical mission of ultra LEO spacecraft, the main atmospheric model and inversion method, the aerodynamic design of ultra LEO spacecraft and the stability control method under aerodynamic interference, the aerodynamic thermal protective material and the variable switching technology of thermal insulation and heat dissipation. This review is helpful to promote the key technology research and test demonstration of ultra LEO spacecraft, turning the ultra LEO spacecraft from test mission to space application mission as soon as possible.