Abstract: X-ray occultation is a common astronomical phenomenon. The new technique of atmospheric density retrieval based on X-ray occultation sounding realizes the retrieval of atmospheric density by processing occultation observation data of high-energy X-ray celestial radiation source, which is a new method involving interdisciplinary. This paper briefly introduces the application requirements of X-ray occultation sounding, the new technique of atmospheric density retrieval based on X-ray occultation is analyzed and demonstrated, and mainly introduces the research progress and methods of atmospheric density retrieval based on X-ray occultation, and analyzes and discusses the advantages of atmospheric density retrieval based on X-ray occultation. And the future development direction and application research of X-ray occultation sounding are prospected.