doi:10.11728/cjss2022.04.yg21

Recent Progress of Earth Science Satellite Missions in China

doi: 10.11728/cjss2022.04.yg21

1.
National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190
2.
Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029
3.
Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094
4.
South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301
5.
Institute of Forest Resource Information Technique, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091

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E-mail: shijiancheng@nssc.ac.cn

摘要

Abstract: Earth Science from Space is an interdisciplinary discipline that studies the interactions, mechanisms, and evolution of the Earth system through space observation. In China, the national medium- to long-term civilian space infrastructure development plan and the space-science pilot project from the Chinese Academy of Sciences are two programs associated with advancing the Earth science from space. This paper reports recent scientific findings, developments and the status of the six missions. It is organized as the following sections: Introduction, two satellite missions that are already in orbit—the TanSat-1 for atmospheric CO₂ and the LuTan-1 for global surface deformation, a Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Inventory Satellite to be launched in 2022, and three missions that passed the Phase II study and planned for near future—the Ocean Surface Current multiscale Observation, the Terrestrial Water Resources Satellite. Climate and Atmospheric Components Exploring Satellites (CACES), followed by the conclusion.
- Earth science from space /
- Earth observation /
- Energy and water cycle /
- Carbon cycle /
- Human activities
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Figure 1. LiDAR and multi-angle optical cameras configuration of the Chinese Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Monitoring Satellite (TECMS)

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Figure 2. Schematic diagram of multiscale ocean dynamics (updated from Chelton, 2011)

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Figure 3. Schematic diagram of the wide-swath OSCOM surface observations. The swath of OSCOM at the Earth’s surface exceeds 1000 km in 650 km high orbit

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Figure 4. Schematic view of the measurement concept of CACES, comprising the LIO, LMO components and the hyperspectral imager

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Table 1. Imaging modes of LT-1. The achievable polarization, swath width, resolution and range of incidence angles are given in the description of each mode

Mode		Strip 1	Strip 2	Strip 3	Strip 4	Strip 5	Scan
Polarization		Single/Dual Pol., Compact Pol	Single/Dual Pol., Compact Pol	Quad Pol., Hybrid Pol	Quad Pol., Hybrid Pol	Single/Dual Pol., Compact Pol	Single/Dual Pol., Compact Pol
Resolution		3 m×3 m (Nominal)	12 m×12 m (Nominal)	3 m×3 m (Nominal)	6 m×6 m (Nominal)	24 m×24 m (Nominal)	30 m×30 m (Nominal)
Swath width		50 km	100 km	50 km	30 km	160 km	400 km
Incidence angle	imaging	20°–53° (Imaging) 10°–60° (Extended)	20°–53°	10°–60°	13°–21°	15.7–30°	20°–49°
InSAR		20°–46°	20°–46°	10°–60°	13°–21°	15.7–30°	20°–49°

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Table 2. Expected performances of OSCOM

Variables	Spatial resolution	Accuracy/precision		Swath/temporal coverage
Variables	Spatial resolution	Speed accuracy	Direction accuracy	Swath/temporal coverage
OSC	5 km	0.1 m·s^–1	15°	>1000 km/ <3 days globally, mid-to-high latitude daily
OSVW	5 km	1.5 m·s^–1	15°
OSWS	10 km	10%@50–500 m wavelength

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Table 3. Initial payload configuration of the Terrestrial Water Resources Satellite

L-band active-passive microwave imager
Parameters	L-band radiometer	L-band radar
Frequency	1.413 GHz	1.26 GHz
Polarization	H, V, and T3	HH, VV, HV, and VH
Range of incidence angle	0°–40° or 30°–52° (to be adopted)
Antenna	Parabolic cylinder antenna (12 m×10 m)
Spatial resolution	18 km	1.5 km
Swath width	1000 km
Wide-swath multispectral camera
Parameters	Visible bands	Near-infrared bands
Spectral range	0.4–0.67 μm	0.85–0.97 μm
Spatial resolution	16 m
Swath width	800 km
Wide-swath programmable hyperspectral camera
Parameters	Visible and near-infrared bands	Short-wave infrared bands
Spectral range	0.4–1.0 μm	1.0–1.68 μm
Spectral bands	128/64	80/40
Spatial resolution	25 m
Swath width	120 km
Multi-angle thermal infrared imager
Spectral range	10.5–12.5 μm
View angles	+48°, 0°, –31°
Spatial resolution	100 m
Swath width	1000 km

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