Vacuum Chamber Design and Analysis of the Space Station High Temperature Material Science Experimental System
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摘要: 中国空间站高温材料科学实验系统能够在轨进行多种材料的微重力高温加热实验，其关键组件真空室是可实现密封的压力容器，为实验插件提供机械、真空、氮气、废气排放、供电、控制、冷却等接口，支持实验插件完成相关功能。本文依据承压范围、漏率等设计技术指标进行真空室的结构设计和力学分析。真空室采用分段式结构，由方形真空室、密封门、圆形真空室、安装支架等组件依次连接组成，连接结构处使用密封圈。通过真空室的承压分析、模态分析、随机响应分析和力学试验，校核了真空室的强度、刚度及随机振动响应特性，验证了真空室设计的安全性和可靠性，其能够满足发射及在轨工作要求。Abstract: The Chinese Space Station High Temperature Material Science Experiment System is capable of conducting microgravity high temperature heating experiments of multiple materials types in orbit. The vacuum chamber, one of the key components, is a pressure vessel that can be sealed. It is equipped with interfaces for the experiment inserts such as mechanical, vacuum, nitrogen, exhaust gas emission, power supply, control and cooling. In this paper, the structure design and analysis of the vacuum chamber is based on the technical indicators such as pressure-bearing range and leakage rate. The vacuum chamber adopts a sectional structure, which consists of a square vacuum chamber assembly, a sealed door assembly, a circular vacuum chamber assembly, a mounting bracket, etc. Seals are used at the connection positions. The strength, stiffness and random vibration response of the vacuum chamber structure were checked through pressure analysis, modal analysis, random response analysis and mechanical vibration test. The results verified the safety and reliability of the vacuum chamber design, which can meet the launch and in-orbit operational requirements.
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Key words:
- Vacuum chamber /
- Microgravity /
- Pressure vessel /
- Mechanical analysis
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图 1 空间站高温科学实验柜结构
Figure 1. Structural diagram of space station high temperature materials experiment rack
图 2 高温材料科学实验系统空间布局关系
Figure 2. Spatial layout of the high temperature materials science experimental system
图 3 真空室及其主要模组件结构
Figure 3. Structural diagram of the vacuum chamber and its main modules
图 6 真空室水、气、电接口分布
Figure 6. Schematic diagram of distribution of water, air and electrical interfaces in vacuum chamber
表 1 真空室设计指标
Table 1. Vacuum chamber design specifications
初始压力 压力控制范围：≤ 1 atm （绝对压力） 通用功能 为实验插件提供机械、电、气、液接口，具有相应的散热功能，满足航天员换样的人机工效功能 漏率 ≤ 5×10–3 Pa·m3·s（氦检） 真空室最大变形（插件接口安装面） 真空情况下最大变形量≤3 mm 基频 >70 Hz 
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表 2 真空室接口类型及功能
Table 2. Interface type and function of vacuum chamber
编号 零件类型 功能 1 DN4 氮气 2 电连接器X70 氮气阀供电 3 DN8 冷却液出口 4 电连接器X76 机构控制 5 电连接器X77 磁场供电 6 电连接器X75 加热炉供电 7 电连接器X71 阀体控制器供电 8 电连接器X72 阀体信号 9 电连接器X74 真空阀供电 10 DN16 真空出口 11 DN8 冷却液入口 12 电连接器X73 废气阀供电 13 DN16 废气出口 14 电连接器X60 样品机构供电
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表 4 前6阶固有频率
Table 4. First six natural frequencies
阶数 第1阶 第2阶 第3阶 第4阶 第5阶 第6阶 频率/Hz 276.4 357.8 409.2 467.9 567.5 574.1
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表 5 加速度功率谱密度 (总均方根加速度值9.6 g，每向试验持续时间180 s )
Table 5. Accelerated power spectral density (Root mean square acceleration value is 9.8 g. Duration of the experiment in each direction is 180 s)
频率范围/Hz 功率谱密度 10~50 3 dB/oct–1 50~300 0.25 g2·Hz–1 300~2000 –12 dB·oct–1
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