Occultation Distribution and Collaborative Observations of Fengyun Meteorological Satellites and Commercial Satellites
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摘要: GNSS无线电掩星技术是构建全球高精度大气与电离层探测体系的关键手段。我国风云三号业务化掩星系统数据质量高、稳定性强、标准化程度高,然而受其轨道构型限制,在赤道和极区仍存在覆盖不足的问题。近年来,天目、云遥等商业掩星星座的快速发展,为通过多源协同观测提升掩星数据时空密度提供了新的可能。本文基于风云三号、天目星座和云遥星座的实测掩星数据,系统评估了三类星座的空间分布特征及其联合观测效益。结果表明,引入商业星座显著增加了全球掩星事件数量,增强了低、高纬度区域的覆盖能力,并将地方时覆盖从分时段分布提升至近全天时连续。尽管观测密度整体提升,中纬度局部地区仍存在数据过度集中和高分辨率下的观测空白,反映出轨道构型与星座协同规划尚需进一步优化。本研究为我国风云系列与商业掩星星座的协同发展提供了关键参考。Abstract: GNSS radio occultation (RO) serves as a key technique for constructing a global high-precision atmospheric and ionospheric sounding capabilities. China’s operational Fengyun-3 (FY-3) RO system produces data of exceptional quality, characterized by high accuracy, stability, and standardization, making it the current accuracy benchmark in RO sounding. However, due to its orbital configuration, the FY-3 system alone still exhibits coverage gaps in equatorial and polar regions. In recent years, the rapid development of commercial constellations such as Tianmu and Yunyao has enabled multi-source RO cooperative observations, offering a promising approach to enhance the spatiotemporal density of RO data. Based on RO measurements from the FY-3, Tianmu, and Yunyao constellations, this study systematically evaluates the spatial distribution characteristics and joint observation benefits of the three systems. Results demonstrate that integrating commercial constellations significantly increases the number of global RO events and improves coverage at low and high latitudes. Local time coverage is also enhanced from segmented intervals to nearly continuous throughout the day. Despite the considerable improvement in observational density, data overconcentration in certain mid-latitude areas and small-scale gaps under high-resolution analysis remain, indicating that orbital configurations and constellation coordination require further optimization. This study provides quantitative references for the future collaborative development of China’s FY-3 and commercial RO constellations.
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