Abstract: Space medicine is a new special medicine which is rising with the development of manned space program and has acquired great development during the space exploitation since established. In the early of 1990s, manned space flight program was initiated in china. However, the history of development for Chinese space medicine commenced in 1950s. Especially during the past ten years, the initiation of Chinese manned space flight program has brought great opportunity to Chinese space medicine. Presently, the first manned space flight has acquired consummation in china. Space medical specialists have experienced the trial of the first manned space flight as well as the first Chinese astronaut who has landed safely and healthily. During the past 40 years, the area of research in Chinese space medicine has gradually expanded, including the subjects such as gravitational physiology, cell and molecular biology, space environmental medicine, space psycology and space implemental medicine et al. The studies in Chinese space medicine are developing steadily. In the following Chinese manned space program, many difficulties will be more complex and need to be resolved for the success of spaceflight program. At the same time, this is also a challenge to the Chinese scientist. The article will briefly introduce the basic and applicational research of Chinese space medicine including their progress and give the outlook of their challenge and opportunity in the future.