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摘要: 针对目前轻型空间相机主承力基板在结构设计过程中难于同时保证重量轻且刚度高的问题, 提出了采用拓扑优化设计思想进行设计的方案. 通过建立基于变密度方法的拓扑优化设计数学模型, 运用Nastran软件对相机主承力基板进行拓扑优化设计, 给出了主承力基板的最优设计方案. 经过拓扑优化后相机主承力基板质量从初始的36.8 kg 降低到15.4 kg, 轻量化程度达58.2 %. 采用有限元分析方法对拓扑优化的结果进行了模态分析, 以验证主承力基板刚度分布是否合理. 通过0.5 g 扫频振动试验对有限元分析结果进行验证, 振动试验结果表明, 主承力基板结构一阶自然频率理论分析与试验结果偏差1.86 %, 充分证明理论分析结果的正确性和准确性. 整个优化设计过程证明, 采用拓扑优化设计方法大大提高了研制效率, 增强了空间相机主承力基板结构的性能, 有效降低了基板的重量, 满足系统设计要求.Abstract: In order to obtain a lightweight and high-stiffness main board structure for lightweight space camera, a topologic optimization design method was presented. FE (Finite Element) based topology optimization which is created with the variable-density method is executed to find the optimum material distribution of initial design main board of space camera by maximizing the stiffness. Compared with that before the optimization, the main board structure reduces weight from 36.8 kg to 15.4 kg, loses 58.2 percent weight with the first-order natural frequency above 400 Hz. In order to check whether the main board's distributing of stiffness is rational, the Finite Element Method (FEM) is used to analyze the model of the main board. Finally, the 0.5 g vibration test shows that the first natural frequency of main board is 479.2 Hz, which is very close to the result of the FEM, the error is 1.86 %. The numerical results indicate that after adopting the topologic optimization design method, not only the design course is shortened, but also the main board structure weight is effectively reduced and the capability of the main board structure is enhanced also, which shows that optimized board structures can meet the system design requirements well.
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Key words:
- Space camera /
- Main board /
- Topology optimization design
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