电离层不规则结构对GPS性能的影响

李婧华; 马冠一

doi:10.11728/cjss2013.02.158

电离层不规则结构对GPS性能的影响

doi: 10.11728/cjss2013.02.158

李婧华^1,2,
马冠一¹

1.
中国科学院国家天文台北京 100012
2.
中国科学院大学北京 100049

基金项目: 中国科学院新兴与交叉学科布局试点项目(KJCX2-EW-J01), 中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KGCX2-EW-407-1), 中国科学院研究生科技创新与社会实践专项和中国科学院国家天文台青年人才基金项目共同资助

详细信息

中图分类号: P352
计量
- 文章访问数: 3408
- HTML全文浏览量: 52
- PDF下载量: 1151
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2012-03-08
- 修回日期: 2012-10-08
- 刊出日期: 2013-03-15

Effect of ionospheric irregularities on GPS performance

Li Jinghua^1,2,
Ma Guanyi¹

1.
National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100012
2.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049

摘要

摘要: 电离层不规则结构的存在可引起无线电信号的幅度和相位发生随机起伏, 这种电离层闪烁现象会影响全球定位系统(Global Positioning System, GPS)的性能, 降低定位精度, 严重时导致信号失锁. 电离层不规则结构对GPS性能的影响涉及电离层物理、接收机设计和表征卫星几何分布的精度衰减因子(Dilution of Positioning, DOP)等多方面因素. 本文通过对表征电离层不规则结构参数的分析, 根据GPS接收机跟踪环路和闪烁信号模型, 综合研究了电离层闪烁对 GPS接收机载波跟踪环和码跟踪环跟踪误差的影响; 结合实际观测, 评述了电离层不规则结构对单频和双频GPS接收机定位性能的影响, 在此基础上提出了有待深入研究的问题及具体建议.
- 电离层不规则结构 /
- 电离层闪烁 /
- GPS /
- 跟踪环路 /
- 失锁 /
- 定位误差
Abstract: Ionospheric irregularities may cause the amplitude and phase fluctuation of the trans-ionospheric radio signals, known as ionospheric scintillation. It can increase the tracking error of Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver, degrade the positioning accuracy and precision, and even cause loss of lock. This paper is a review of the effect of ionospheric irregularities on GPS receiver's performance. First, the parameters used to describe the ionospheric irregularities and the GPS receiver tracking loops are introduced. Based on the scintillation signal model, the results on how the ionospheric scintillation affects the performances of carrier and code tracking loops are summarized. Then the positioning errors of single frequency and dual-frequency GPS receivers are analyzed and discussed under realistic ionospheric scintillation environments. Finally, possible suggestions to future research topics are given.
- Ionospheric irregularities /
- Ionospheric scintillation /
- GPS /
- Tracking loop /
- Loss of lock /
- Positioning error

HTML全文

参考文献(66)

[1]	Yeh K C, Liu C H. Radio wave scintillations in the ionosphere[J]. Proc. IEEE, 1982, 70(4):324-360
[2]	Coco D. GPS-Satellites of opportunity for ionospheric monitoring[J]. GPS World, 1991, 2(9):47-50
[3]	Parkinson B W, Spilker J J. The Global Positioning System: Theory and Applications, Volume II[M]. Reston: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1996
[4]	Kaplan E D, Hegarty C J. Understanding GPS: Principles and Applications[M]. Boston: Artech House Publishers, 2006
[5]	Mannucci A J, Wilson B D , Yuan D N, et al. A global mapping technique for GPS-derived ionospheric total electron content measurements[J]. Radio Sci., 1998, 33(3):565-582
[6]	Komjathy A. Global Ionospheric Total Electron Content Mapping Using the Global Positioning System[D]. Fredericton: University of New Brunswick, 1997
[7]	Mannucci A J, Iijima B A, Lindqwister U J, et al. GPS and ionosphere[J]. Rev. Radio Sci., 1999, 25:625-665
[8]	Kintner P, LedvinaB, Paula E De. GPS and ionospheric scintillations[J]. Space Weather, 2007, 5(9):S09003
[9]	Van Dierendonck A, Klobuchar J, Hua Q. Ionospheric scintillation monitoring using commercial single frequency C/A code receivers[C]//Proceedings ION GPS-93: Sixth International Technical Meeting of The Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation. Salt Lack City, Utah: ION, 1993. 1333-1342
[10]	Pi X, Mannucci A J, Lindqwister U J, Ho C M. Monitoring of global ionospheric irregularities using the worldwide GPS network[J]. Geophys. Res. Lett., 1997, 24(18):2283-2286
[11]	Zhang Yanlei, Wu Jian, Zhen Weimin, Ma Baotian. An analysis on the ionospheric irregularities drift velocity using three ISM[J]. Chin. J. Geophys., 2010, V53(7):1515-1519. In Chinese (张艳磊, 吴健, 甄卫民, 马宝田. 利用三站卫星闪烁数据测量电离层不均匀结构漂移速度[J]. 地球物理学报, 2010, V53(7):1515-1519)
[12]	Kil H, Kintner P M, Paula de E R, Kantor I J. Global Positioning System measurements of the ionospheric zonal apparent velocity at Cachoeira Paulista in Brazil[J]. J. Geophys. Res., 2000, 105(A3):5317-5327
[13]	Aarons J, Basu S. Ionospheric amplitude and phase fluctuations at the GPS frequencies[C]//Proceedings of the 7th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation (ION GPS 1994). Salt Lake City: ION, 1994
[14]	Basu S, Groves K M, Quinn J M, Doherty P. A comparison of TEC fluctuations and scintillations at Ascension Island[J]. J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys.}, 1999, 61(16):1219-1226 \end{multicols}\begin{multicols}{2} {m
[15]	Ledvina B, Makela J, Kintner P. First observations of intense GPS L1 amplitude scintillations at midlatitude[J]. Geophys. Res. Lett., 2002, 29(14):1659
[16]	Saito A, Nishimura M, Yamamoto M, et al. Observations of traveling ionospheric disturbances and 3-m scale irregularities in the nighttime F-region ionosphere with the MU radar and a GPS network[J]. Earth Planets Space, 2002, 54(1):31-44
[17]	Aquino M H O, Waugh S, Dodson A H, Moore T, Skone S. GPS based ionospheric scintillation monitoring[C]//Proceedings of Space Weather Workshop: Looking towards a European Space Weather Programme. ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherlands, 2001. 6
[18]	De Paula E, Rodrigues F S, Iyer K N, et al. Equatorial anomaly effects on GPS scintillations in Brazil[J]. Adv. Space Res., 2003, 31(3):749-754
[19]	Ezquer R G, Musumba A M, Vadas S L. Scintillations observed at Tucumán as observed from GPS signals: First results[J]. Adv. Space Res., 2003, 31(3):741-747
[20]	Kintner P, Ledvina B M, Paula de E R, Kantor I J. Size, shape, orientation, speed, and duration of GPS equatorial anomaly scintillations[J]. Radio Sci., 2004, 39(2):RS2012
[21]	Ledvina B, Kintner P, Makela J. Temporal properties of intense GPS L1 amplitude scintillations at midlatitudes[J]. Radio Sci.}, 2004, 39(1):RS1S18
[22]	Li G, Ning B, Wan W, Zhao B. Observations of GPS ionospheric scintillations over Wuhan during geomagnetic storms[J]. Ann. Geophys., 2006, 24:1581-1590
[23]	Otsuka Y, Shiokawa K, Ogawa T. Equatorial ionospheric scintillations and zonal irregularity drifts observed with closely-spaced GPS receivers in Indonesia[J]. J. Meteor. Soc. Jpn, 2006, 84A:343-351
[24]	Xiong Bo, Wan Weixing, Ning Baiqi, Yuan Hong, Li Guozhu. A comparison and analysis of the S₄ index, C/N and ROTI over Sanya[J]. Chin. J. Geophys., 2007, 50(6):1639-l648. In Chinese (熊波, 万卫星, 宁百齐, 袁洪, 李国主. 海南三亚地区S₄指数与C/N, ROTI的比较分析[J]. 地球物理学报, 2007. 50(6):1639-l648)
[25]	Chen Yanhong, Huang Wengeng, Gong Jiancun, et al. Observations of ionospheric irregularity zonal velocity in Hainan[J]. Chin. J. Space Sci., 2008, 28(4):295-300. In Chinese (陈艳红, 黄文耿, 龚建村, 等. 海南地区电离层不规则体纬向漂移速度的观测和研究[J]. 空间科学学报, 2008, 28(4):295-300)
[26]	Ji S, Chen W, Ding X, Zhao C. Equatorial ionospheric zonal drift by monitoring local GPS reference networks[J]. J. Geophys. Res., 2011, 116:A08310
[27]	Shang Sheping, Shi Jiankui, Guo Jianshan, et al. Ionospheric scintillation monitoring and preliminary statistic analysis over Hainan region[J]. Chin. J. Space Sci., 2005, 25(1):23-28. In Chinese (尚社平, 史建魁, 郭兼善, 等. 海南地区电离层闪烁监测及初步统计分析[J]. 空间科学学报, 2005, 25(1):23-28)
[28]	Zhen Weimin, Chen Li. Scintillation monitoring and forecasting in China[J]. Chin. J. Radio Sci., 2004, 19Z1:207-208. In Chinese (甄卫民, 陈丽. 中国电离层闪烁监测和预报[J]. 电波科学学报, 2004, 19Z1:207-208)
[29]	Shang Sheping, Shi Jiankui, Zhen Weimin, et al. Morphological study of L-band ionospheric scintillation in the equatorial region[J]. Chin. J. Radio Sci., 2006, 21(3):410-415. In Chinese (尚社平, 史建魁, 甄卫民, 等. 赤道地区L-波段电离层闪烁的形态特性[J]. 电波科学学报, 2006, 21(3):410-415)
[30]	Secan J, Bussey R M, Fremouw E J, Basu S. An improved model of equatorial scintillation[J]. Radio Sci., 1995, 30(3):607-617.
[31]	Secan J, Bussey R M, Fremouw E J, Basu S. High-latitude upgrade to the wideband ionospheric scintillation model[J]. Radio Sci.}, 1997, 32(4):1567-1574
[32]	Beach T L, Kintner P M. Development and use of a GPS ionospheric scintillation monitor[J]. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 2001, 39(5):918-928
[33]	Li Guozhu, Ning Baiqi, Yuan Hong. Design and realization of a real-time GPS ionospheric scintillation monitoring system[J]. Chin. J. Radio Sci., 2005, 20(6):758-764. In Chinese(李国主, 宁百齐, 袁洪. GPS电离层闪烁实时监测系统的设计与实现[J]. 电波科学学报, 2005, 20(6):758-764)
[34]	Rezende L F C, Paula de E R, Stephany S, et al. Survey and prediction of the ionospheric scintillation using data mining techniques[J]. Space Weather, 2010, 8, S06D09, doi: 10.1029/2009SW000532
[35]	Anderson D N, Reinisch B, Valladare C, Chau J, Veliz O. Forecasting the occurrence of ionospheric scintillation activity in the equatorial ionosphere on a day-to-day basis[J]. J. Atmos. Solar Terr. Phys., 2004, 66(17):1567-1572
[36]	Jakowski N, Wehrenpfennig A, Heise S, Schlueter S, Noack T. Space weather effects in the ionosphere and their impact on positioning[C]//Proceedings of ESA Workshop on Space Weather, ESTEC, 2001. 83-89
[37]	Knight M, Cervera M, Finn A. A comparison of predicted and measured GPS performance in an ionospheric scintillation environment[C]//ION GPS'99. Nashville, TN: ION, 1999
[38]	Wernik A W, Alfonsi L, Materassi M. Ionospheric irregularities, scintillation and its effect on systems[J]. Acta Geophys. Polonica, 2004, 52(2):237-249
[39]	Steenburgh R, Smithtro C, Groves K. Ionospheric scintillation effects on single frequency GPS[J]. Space Weather, 2008, 6(4):S04D02
[40]	Thomas R, Cervera M, Ramli A G. Seasonal modulation of GPS performance due to equatorial scintillation[J]. Geophys. Res. Lett., 2004, 31(18):L18806
[41]	Morrissey T N, Shallberg K W, Dierendonck Van A J, Nicholson M J. GPS receiver performance characterization under realistic ionospheric phase scintillation environments[J]. Radio Sci., 2004, 39:RS1S20
[42]	B\'eniguel Y, Forte B, Rasicella S, Staangeways H J, Gherm V E, Zernov N N. Scintillations effects on satellite to Earth links for telecommunication and navigation purposes[J]. Ann. Geophys., 2004, 47:1179-1199
[43]	Conker R S, El-Arini M B, Hegarty C J, Hsiao T. Modeling the effects of ionospheric scintillation on GPS/Satellite-Based Augmentation System availability[J]. Radio Sci., 2003, 38(1), 1001, doi: 10.1029/2000RS\-002604
[44]	Bandyopadhayay T, Guha A, Dasgupta A, Banerjee P, Bose A. Degradation of navigational accuracy with Global Positioning System during periods of scintillation at equatorial latitudes[J]. Elect. Lett., 1997, 33(12):1010-1011
[45]	Demyanov V, Yasyukevich Y V, Ishin A B, Astafyeva E I. Ionospheric super-bubble effects on the GPS positioning relative to the orientation of signal path and geomagnetic field direction[J]. GPS Solut., 2012, 16(2):181-189
[46]	Conker R S, El-Arini M B, Hegarty C J, Hsiao T. Modeling the Effects of Ionospheric Scintillation on GPS/WAAS Availability[R], MP00W179. McLean, Virginia: MITRE corporation, 2000
[47]	Zhen Weimin, Wu Jian, Cao Chong. The effect of ionospheric irregularities on GPS signal delay[J]. Chin. J. Radio Sci., 1998, 13(2):123-126. In Chinese (甄卫民, 吴健, 曹冲. 电离层不均匀性对GPS系统的误差影响分析[J]. 电波科学学报, 1998, 13(2):123-126)
[48]	Liu Dun, Feng Jian, Deng Zhongxin, Zhen Weimin. Analysis of Ionospheric Scintillation Effects on GNSS Positioning[J]. GNSS World China, 2009, 34(6):1-8
[49]	Zhang D H, Xiao Z, Feng M, et al. Temporal dependence of GPS cycle slip related to ionospheric irregularities over China low-latitude region[J]. Space Weather, 2010, 8, S04D08, doi: 10.1029/2008SW000438
[50]	Knight M F. Ionospheric scintillation effects on global positioning system receivers[D]. Adelaide: The University of Adelaide, 2000
[51]	Prikryl P, Jayachandran P T, Mushini S C, et al. GPS TEC, scintillation and cycle slips observed at high latitudes during solar minimum[J]. Ann. Geophys., 2010, 28:1307-1316
[52]	Banville S, Langley R B, Saito S, Yoshihara T. Handling cycle slips in GPS data during ionospheric plasma bubble events[J], Radio Sci., 2010, 45, RS6007, doi: 10.1029/2010RS004415
[53]	Silva da H A, Oliveira Camargo de P, Monico J F G, et al. Stochastic modelling considering ionospheric scintillation effects on GNSS relative and point positioning[J]. Adv. Space Res., 2010, 45(9):1113-1121
[54]	Datta-Barua S, Doherty P, Delay S, Dehel T, Klobuchar J. Ionospheric Scintillation Effects on Single and Dual Frequency GPS Positioning[C]//the Institute of Navigation's GPS/GNSS Meeting. Portland: Atmospheric & Space Technology Research Associates, 2003
[55]	Paula de E R, Kantor I, Rezende de L. Characteristics of the GPS signal scintillations during ionospheric irregularities and their effects over the GPS system[C]//Proceedings of IV SBEIN - Brazilian Symposium on Inertial Engineering, 2004
[56]	Dubey S, Wahi R, Gwal A. Ionospheric effects on GPS positioning[J]. Adv. Space Res., 2006, 38(11):2478-2484
[57]	Hegarty C, El-Arini M B, Kim T, Ericson S. Scintillation modeling for GPS-wide area augmentation system receivers[J]. Radio Sci., 2001, 36(5):1221-1231
[58]	Humphreys T E, Psiaki M L, Hinks J C, et al. Simulating ionosphere-induced scintillation for testing GPS receiver phase tracking loops[J]. IEEE J. Selec. Top. Sign. Proc., 2009, 3(4):707-715
[59]	Humphreys T E, Psiaki M L, Kintner P M. Modeling the effects of ionospheric scintillation on GPS carrier phase tracking[J]. IEEE Trans. Aeros. Elect. Syst., 2010, 46(4):1624-1637
[60]	Humphreys T E, Psiaki M L, Kintner P M. GPS carrier tracking loop performance in the presence of ionospheric scintillations[C]//Proceedings of the 2005 ION GNSS Conference, Long Beach, CA: ION, 2005
[61]	Zhang D H, Cai L, Hao Y Q, et al. Solar cycle variation of the GPS cycle slip occurrence in China low-latitude region[J]. Space Weather, 2010, 8, S10D10, doi: 10.1029/2010SW000583
[62]	Zhang D H, Feng M, XiaoZ, et al. The seasonal dependence of cycle slip occurrence of GPS data over China low latitude region[J]. Sci. China: Tech. Sci., 2007, 50(4):422-429
[63]	Humphreys T E, Psiaki M L, Ledvina B M, Cerruti A P, Kintner P M. Data-driven testbed for evaluating GPS carrier tracking loops in ionospheric scintillation[J]. IEEE Trans. Aeros. Elec. Syst., 2010, 46(4):1609-1623
[64]	Kim B, Tinin M. Contribution of ionospheric irregularities to the error of dual-frequency GNSS positioning[J]. J. Geod., 2007, 81(3):189-199
[65]	Liu Dun, Zhen Weimin, Feng Jian, Deng Zhongxin, Ma Baotian. Simulation of ionospheric scintillation effects on GNSS positioning performance[J]. GNSS World China, 2011, 36(1):7-12
[66]	Valladares C E, Villalobos J, Sheehan R, Hagan M P. Latitudinal extension of low-latitude scintillations measured with a network of GPS receivers[J]. Ann. Geophys., 2004, 22:3155-3175