Magnetospheric Multiscale Observation of Electromagnetic Ion Cyclotron Wave Modulated by ULF Wave in Outer Magnetosphere
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摘要: 磁层多尺度卫星（MMS-1）在日侧06:30 MLT（磁地方时，Magnetic Local Time）外磁层大于2Re（L 为 7.5~10.1）的范围内观测到多达21个波包的准周期性电磁离子回旋波（EMIC）事件。超低频（ULF）波和能量质子温度各向异性准周期性增强也被同步观测到。频率分析显示，ULF波的周期、质子各向异性周期和EMIC波包的周期非常接近。MMS-4卫星在约1 h后经过附近空间区域，研究发现随着ULF波的幅度减弱，EMIC波包的准周期性也逐渐减弱。研究结果为ULF波在日侧外磁层调制质子各向异性从而产生周期性EMIC波包提供了完整的观测证据链。同时，观测结果进一步证明，这种ULF波调制的EMIC波包能够在大于2Re的空间尺度内发生，且能够持续存在于几个小时以上的时间尺度。Abstract: A quasi-periodic Electromagnetic Ions Cyclotron (EMIC) wave event was reported. The event was observed by the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS-1) at dayside (06:30 MLT) in the outer magnetosphere. EMIC waves with more than 21 wave packets occurred within L value is from 7.5 to 10.1. Ultra-Low Frequency (ULF) waves and the quasi-periodic enhancement of energy protons temperature anisotropy are simultaneously observed. Frequency analysis shows that the period of the ULF wave, the proton anisotropy period and the period of the EMIC wave packet are very close. The MMS-4 satellite passed the very close region about an hour later and found that the quasi-periodicity of the EMIC wave packet decreased as the amplitude of the ULF wave decreased. The current results provide evidences that the ULF wave can modulate the energetic proton anisotropy in the outer magnetosphere at dayside and thus generate periodic EMIC wave packets. Moreover, correlated observations by MMS-1 and MMS-4 show that the ULF-modulation of EMIC waves can occur in a spatial scale that greater than 2 Re, and last for several hours.
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图 1 (a) 2017年2月23日的SYM-H指数和AE指数，灰色阴影区域为MMS1卫星观测时间，粉色阴影区域为MMS4卫星观测时间。(b) GSE坐标中的磁场波形。(c) 2017年2月23日11:20－12:50 UT的波观测。(d)~(f)HPCA观测的能量质子(9 keV，19 keV和32 keV)的投掷角分布
Figure 1. (a) SYM-H index and AE index on 23 February 2017. The gray shaded area is the observation time of the MMS1 satellite, and the pink shaded area is the observation time of the MMS4 satellite. (b) Magnetic field waveforms in GSE coordinates. (c) Wave observation from 11:20 to 12:50 UT on 23 February 2017. (d)~(f) The pitch angle distributions of energetic protons (9 keV, 19 keV and 32 keV) measured by HPCA
图 2 (a)磁场波功率谱密度，两条红色实线分别为H+ 回旋频率和He+回旋频率。(b)通过SVD方法得到的波传播角。(c)通过SVD方法得出的波椭圆率
Figure 2. (a) Magnetic field wave power spectral density. The two solid red lines are H+ cyclotron frequency and He+ cyclotron frequency. (b) Wave normal angle obtained by SVD method. (c) Wave ellipticity obtained by SVD method
图 3 (a) GSE坐标系下ULF的x分量。(b) EMIC波功率谱密度，黑线为提取的EMIC波的包络线。(c) 9 keV质子投掷角分布，黑线为提取的9 keV能量质子温度各向异性的相对变化。(d) ULF波，EMIC波包和质子各向异性包络的FFT结果
Figure 3. (a) x component of ULF in GSE coordinate system. (b) The power spectral density of EMIC wave , and the black line is the envelope of the EMIC wave. (c) Temperature anisotropy of 9 keV energy proton, and the black line is the relative change of the temperature anisotropy of the 9 keV energy protons. (d) FFT results for the ULF wave, EMIC wave packets and the proton anisotropy envelop
图 4 (a) GSE坐标中的磁场波形， (b)用磁通门磁强计测量的波磁场频谱密度，(c)通过SVD方法得出的波传播角，(d)通过SVD方法得出的波椭圆率，(e)利用HPCA测量的能量质子（8 keV）的投掷角分布
Figure 4. (a) Magnetic field waveforms in GSE coordinates. (b) The wave magnetic field spectral density measured by fluxgate magnetometer instrument. (c) Wave propagation angle obtained by SVD method. (d) Wave ellipticity obtained by SVD method. (e) The pitch angle distributions of energetic protons (8 keV) measured by HPCA
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