Ionospheric Investigations Conducted by Chinese Mainland Scientists in 2020–2021
doi: 10.11728/cjss2022.04.yg13
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Abstract: In this report, we outline works done by scientists from the Mainland of China on various ionospheric topics after the release of the National Report of China in 2020 on ionospheric research[
1 ] to the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR). More than 170 papers were published in 2020–2021. The current report covers the following topics: ionospheric space weather, ionospheric structures and climatology, ionospheric dynamics and couplings, ionospheric irregularity and scintillation, modeling and data assimilation, and ionosphere and sounding techniques. Planetary ionospheres are included for the first time.-
Key words:
- Ionospheric /
- Space weather /
- Planetary ionospheres
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Figure 1. Related physical processes during the eclipse, including the photochemistry, interhemispheric photoelectron transport, thermal conduction, neutral wind, and electrodynamics
Figure 2. Comparison of 50 min averages from the coupled geospase model simulations of magnetospheric and ionospheric states with and without the solar flare effects. Projections in GSM coordinates of the simulated magnetospheric convection velocity in the equatorial plane with (a) and without (b) the solar flare effects and their difference (c). High-latitude electric potential in the ionosphere with (d) and without (e) solar flare effects and their difference (f)
Figure 3. Differential TEC (DTEC) provided by the Beidou GEO satellite and MIT Haystack Observatory at longitudes of 110°E (a), 70°W (c) and 40°E (e). The Equatorial Electrojet (EEJ) strength was calculated from differential geomagnetic horizontal component (ΔH) near 110°E and 70°W
Figure 4. A schematic diagram of the physical mechanism of eastward enhancement of magnetically zonal electric fields caused by the zonal wind dynamo at middle latitudes near sunrise
Figure 5. Stratospheric temperature at 90°N and 10 hPa and the C/NOFS observations of the vertical and field-aligned drifts from 15 January to 6 February 2009. Gray line indicates its 40-year mean
Figure 6. hmF2 as functions of Day of Year (DOY) and Local Time (LT) at Mohe and Beijing. The black solid (dashed) lines plot the sunset (sunrise) terminator at 400 km. The vertical red lines indicate the equinox and solstice days
Figure 7. Filtered data associated with the arrival of seismic waves from 20:00 LT to 23:30 LT on 10 February 2021
Figure 8. (a) Schematic of a space hurricane in the northern polar ionosphere. The magenta cyclone-shaped auroral spot with brown thick arrows of circular ionospheric flows represents the space hurricane. (b) The 3D magnetosphere when a space hurricane happened
Figure 9. Occurrence of large-scale strong Es structures during 2017–2019 binned into (a) local time and month, (b) the elongation azimuth and dimension, and (c) the horizontal drifting direction and average velocity. (d) The onset locations of all the cases of large-scale Es structures observed during 2017–2019 on a map of topography elevation height. Each black solid line illustrates the location, dimension and elongating direction at the onset of each large-scale Es case
Figure 10. (a) Black solid lines show the Beidou TEC perturbations from fixed IPPs. Red dashed line shows the estimated TEC perturbations in the region connected with radar E region by field lines. (b) HTI map of backscatter echoes for beam 4 of the Fuke VHF radar
Figure 11. Global distributions of received GPS signal amplitude for Swarm C and GOCE satellite
Figure 12. Simulated polar maps of electron densities using an FFT filter (a) and ring average (b) at 10:50 UT on 17 March 2013 as a function of geographic latitude and local time
Figure 13. Image of polar UVI (a) and the results of GRNN (b) and CGAN (c) models under the same space environment parameters
Figure 14. Density variations of the same species as a function of local time and at fixed altitudes, either 300 km (solid) or 180 km (dashed) depending on whether a distinctive layer structure is observable over the altitude range examined in this study. A strong dawn enhancement is observed for each species in the middle panel. Note that the HNO+ density has been everywhere divided by 100 to improve visibility
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