Analyses for the Mechanism of Solar Radio Burst Interfering Satellite Navigation Signal and Influence Presentation
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摘要: 太阳射电爆发是一种潜在的导航系统干扰因素。通过导航信号模型推导，分析了其干扰导航信号的机理，提出太阳射电爆发干扰导航通信的影响方程与太阳射电爆发流量、接收机性能以及太阳–天线高度角有关，其中太阳射电流量总功率与信号的信噪比下降呈正相关；同时受到太阳–天线高度角和有效面积的制约，又与接收机环路滤波器响应函数呈卷积关系。通过对2003年10月28日、2006年12月6日和2015年11月4日事件中GPS失锁情况分析，发现同一次事件中同一站点不同接收机的失锁率不同；同一次事件中不同纬度的接收机失锁率不同，以及在同一次事件中L波段（1~2 GHz）太阳射电爆发频谱不均匀的条件下，L1和L2频段信号的信噪比下降情况也不同。 从上述三个事件的观测表征验证了上述影响方程的分析正确性。Abstract: Solar radio bursts are a potential interference factor in navigation systems. From the navigation signal model is derived in this paper, the paper analyzes the solar radio burst interference mechanism of navigation signal, the interference effects exist three effects, namely with the solar radio burst flux, receiver performance, and the Angle of the Sun-navigation antenna height, synthesize the proposed the influence of solar radio burst interfere with communication navigation equation. It is concluded that the total integrated power of the solar burst flow in the navigation communication frequency band is positively correlated with the decrease of the signal to noise ratio of the communication signal, and is affected by the modulation of the height Angle of the sun-antenna and the effective area of the antenna, and has a convolution relationship with the response function of the loop filter of the navigation receiver. Then, this paper further analyzed the GPS lock-out signal during the solar radio bursts on 28 October 2003, 6 December 2006 and 4 November 2015. It is found that the loss-rate of different receivers at the same site is different in the same event (receiver performances effect). The loss-of-lock rate of the same receiver at different latitudes in the same event is different (Sun-antenna height Angle effect). In addition, under the condition of non-uniform spectrum of L-band (1～2 GHz) solar radio bursts in the same event (solar radio burst flow distribution effect), the decrease of signal to noise ratio of L1 and L2 band communication signals is also different. Therefore, the analytical correctness of the above influence equation is verified by the observation characterization of the above three events.
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图 2 2003年10月28日事件中4个IGS台站失锁率随时间的变化情况
Figure 2. During 28 October 2003 events, the variation of loss-lock rate of four IGS stations over time
图 3 2015年11月4日事件中两个GPS工作频点的载噪比损失情况
Figure 3. Loss of signal to noise radio of two GPS working frequency bands in the event occurred on 4 November 2015
图 4 宽带太阳射电爆发显示出的多种频谱形式
Figure 4. Different spectrum types emitted from wideband solar radio bursts
表 1 在太阳射电爆发流量为1000 sfu条件下的不同码元速率载噪比损失
Table 1. Noise ratio loss for different symbol rates when SRB flux reaches 1000 sfu
C/A码 P(Y)码 M码 Rc/MHz 1.023 10.23 5.115 通信带宽BW/MHz 2.046 20.46 10.23 PSRB/dBw –150 –140 –143 用户最低可解调接收功率/dBw –158.5 –161.5 –164.5 最大影响载噪比/dB 8.5 21.5 21.5 
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表 2 不同天线面积条件下流量为1000 sfu的太阳射电爆发引起的载噪比影响
Table 2. With the different effective area the SRB flux reaches 1000 sfu causing influences results
Ae/m2 0.005 0.001 0.0005 0.0001 PSRB/dBw –150 –157 –160 –167 C/A码/dB最低所需可解调接收功率条件下的载噪比影响 8.5 1.5 0 0 P(Y)码/dB 最低所需可解调接收功率条件下的载噪比影响 21.5 4.5 1.5 0 M码/dB最低所需可解调接收功率条件下的载噪比影响 21.5 7.5 4.5 0
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表 3 2003年10月28日事件中接收机锁定率与接收机种类之间的关系
Table 3. Relationship between the phased lock loop and different receiver types during the event occurred on 28 October 2003
接收机型号 考察的接收机数目 最强阶段锁定率 次强阶段锁定率 ASHTECH Z-XII3 43 11.62 2.33 ASHTECH UZ-12 12 8.33 0.00 ASHTECH Z18 11 27.27 18.18 TRIMBLE 4000 SSI 38 78.95 63.16 TRIMBLE 4700 9 22.22 22.22 TRIMBLE 4000 SSE 6 16.67 16.67 AOA SNR-8000 ACT 14 7.14 7.14 AOA BENCHMARK ACT 8 0.00 0.00 AOA ROGUE SNR-8000 8 75.00 75.00 JPS LEGACY 7 14.29 14.29 注 最强阶段时间11:02－11:12 UTC， 次强阶段时间11:42－12:00 UTC。
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表 4 2003年10月28日事件中几个台站位置分布和失锁率情况
Table 4. Loss of lock present and the positions of several stations during the event occurred on 28 October 2003
台站名称 地理位置(经纬度) 当时太阳高度角 L2频点失锁率情况 IGS-NKLG 2.1°N，9.4°E 74°50′ 100% 影响最强 IGS-BRAZ 47.9°S，15.9°W 49°28′ 50%，持续时间较长 IGS-ALAC 38.2°N，0.3°W 37°59′ 50% IGS-SIMO 18.4°N，34.2°W 36°30′ 50%
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