一种基于TOF×E方法的空间中能离子探测器设计与仿真

张伟杰; 沈国红; 张珅毅; 张贤国; 叶依众

doi:10.11728/cjss2023.02.220310027

一种基于TOF×E方法的空间中能离子探测器设计与仿真

doi: 10.11728/cjss2023.02.220310027

张伟杰^{1, 2, 3, 4,},
沈国红^{1, 3, 4},
张珅毅^{1, 2, 3, 4, ,},
张贤国^{1, 3, 4},
叶依众^{1, 3, 4}

1.
中国科学院国家空间科学中心　北京　100190
2.
中国科学院大学　北京　100049
3.
天基空间环境探测北京市重点实验室　北京　100190
4.
中国科学院空间环境态势感知技术重点实验室　北京　100190

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目资助（2020YFE0202100）

详细信息

作者简介:
张伟杰：E-mail：zhangweijie@nssc.ac.cn

通讯作者:
E-mail：zsy@nssc.ac.cn

中图分类号: P353，P354
计量
- 文章访问数: 31
- HTML全文浏览量: 17
- PDF下载量: 3
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-03-09
- 录用日期: 2022-06-15
- 修回日期: 2022-12-09
- 网络出版日期: 2023-04-13

Design and Simulation of the Space-based TOF×E Medium Energetic Ion Detector

ZHANG Weijie^{1, 2, 3, 4
,},
SHEN Guohong^{1, 3, 4},
ZHANG Shenyi^{1, 2, 3, 4
, ,},
ZHANG Xianguo^{1, 3, 4},
YE Yizhong^{1, 3, 4}

1.
National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190
2.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049
3.
Beijing Key Laboratory of Space Environment Exploration, Beijing 100190
4.
Key Laboratory of Environmental Space Situation Awareness Technology, Beijing 100190

摘要

摘要: 对空间中几十keV到几MeV的中能离子进行成分、能谱和角分布进行测量，具有重要的科学价值和应用意义。中国在载人登月等深空探测计划中明确提出了对中能离子的探测需求，但当前尚未掌握中能离子测量技术。本文提出了一种基于SEE TOF×E方法的中能离子探测器方案，方案包括复合材料二次电子薄膜、电极、位置灵敏MCP探测器和SSD等核心部件的设计，可同时实现对5个方向的中能离子和4个方向的中能电子的测量。结合目前空间粒子探测载荷可实现的硬件时间分辨率、能量分辨率和仿真计算结果，可以发现，该设计可以在40 keV~5 MeV能量范围实现中能离子能谱测量；并能够对40 keV~5 MeV的H离子，45 keV~5 MeV的He离子，130 keV~5 MeV的O离子和240 keV~5 MeV的Fe离子进行离子成分分辨；同时可实现对20~500 keV的电子进行能谱测量。
- 飞行时间法 /
- 质量分辨率 /
- 中能离子 /
- 中能电子 /
- 深空探测
Abstract: This paper introduces a designing scheme of a medium energetic ion detector based on SEE TOF×E method, including key components such as secondary electron emission foils, electrodes, position sensitive MCP detector, and SSDs, which can simultaneously achieve both 5-directional medium energetic ions and 4-directional medium energetic electrons measurements. Based on the hardware time resolution and energy resolution limits that can be achieved by the current space-based particle detection payload, this paper presents a simulation analysis of the energy range and ion species resolution of the design scheme. The results show that this design scheme can achieve ion spectrum measurement in the energy range of 40 keV to 5 MeV, and electron spectrum measurement from 20 to 500 keV as well. And it can also perform ion component resolution for proton at 40 keV to 5 MeV, He ions at 45 keV to 5 MeV, O ions at 130 keV to 5 MeV, and Fe ions at 240 keV to 5 MeV.
- Time-of-flight method /
- Mass resolution /
- Medium energetic ion /
- Medium energetic electron /
- Deep space exploration

HTML全文

图 1 TOF×E方法基本原理

Figure 1. Fundamental of TOF×E method

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图 2 TOF中能离子探测器探头系统组成

Figure 2. Compositions of TOF medium energetic ion detector head

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图 3 中能离子测量原理

Figure 3. Principle of medium energetic ion measurement

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图 4 电极结构设计

Figure 4. Design of the electrodes structure

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图 5 位置灵敏MCP探测器结构

Figure 5. Structure of position-sensitive MCP detector

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图 6 位置灵敏阳极设计

Figure 6. Design of position-sensitive anode

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图 7 利用反符合探测器排除高能离子干扰

Figure 7. High energy ion elimination using anti-coincidence SSD

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图 8 电子测量原理

Figure 8. Principle of medium energetic electron measurement

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图 9 H⁺，He⁺，O⁺和Fe⁺离子测量能量仿真计算结果

Figure 9. Simulations of the measured energy of H⁺, He⁺, O⁺, and Fe⁺ ions

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图 10 离子在SSD灵敏区中的沉积能量分布

Figure 10. Measured energy spectra of ions in the SSD’s sensitive layer

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图 11 穿过Start薄膜后的能量歧离

Figure 11. Energy straggling after start foil

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图 12 飞行时间分布

Figure 12. Time of Flight (TOF) distribution

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图 13 SIMION仿真二次电子飞行路径

Figure 13. Trajectory simulation of the secondary electrons using SIMION

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图 14 二次电子飞行时间谱

Figure 14. Time of Flight (TOF) distribution of secondary electron

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图 15 TOF×E离子种类区分

Figure 15. Ion species discrimination using TOF×E method

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图 16 低能端电子测量效率

Figure 16. Efficiencies of the lower energy electron measurement

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图 17 高能端电子全沉积比例

Figure 17. Full-deposited rates of higher energy electrons

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图 18 H⁺，He⁺，O⁺和Fe⁺在铝材料中的射程

Figure 18. Ranges of H⁺, He⁺, O⁺, and Fe⁺ ions in the Al shelter

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表 1 4种离子的起测能量

Table 1. Energy thresholds of four species of ions

离子种类	起测能量/ keV
H⁺	40
He⁺	45
O⁺	130
Fe⁺	240

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表 2 本探测器与冰球探测器和Mushroom探测器的主要性能对比

Table 2. Main parameters comparison among puck detector, Mushroom detector and the detector in this article

	本文探测器方案	JUNO的JEDI探测器（冰球探测器）	Parker Solar Probe的 Mushroom探测器
离子探测	H⁺：40 keV~5 MeV He⁺：45 keV~5 MeV O⁺：130 keV~5 MeV Fe⁺：240 keV~5 MeV	H：10 keV~2 MeV He：25 keV~2 MeV O/S：45 keV~10 MeV	H：40 keV~7 MeV Z≥2：20 keV/n~2 MeV/n
电子探测	20~500 keV	25~1000 keV	25~1000 keV
角分辨率	离子：10°×10°，5个方向电子：10°×10°，4个方向总视场：154°×10°	离子：13°×12°，6个方向电子：13°×12°，6个方向总计视场：160°×12°	离子：15°×12°~30°×30° 电子：30°×45° 总视场：2π

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表 3 设计方案性能仿真结果

Table 3. Simulations of the designing scheme

性能指标		仿真结果
离子测量	能量范围	H⁺：40 keV~5 MeV He⁺：45 keV~5 MeV O⁺：130 keV~5 MeV Fe⁺：240 keV~5 MeV
离子测量	质量分辨率	$ {\sigma }_{m}/m\approx 16.65\mathrm{\%} $，@200 keV H⁺ $ {\sigma }_{m}/m\approx 21.44\mathrm{\%} $，@200 keV He⁺
电子测量	能量范围	20~500 keV
	抗离子干扰	可排除≤220 keV的H⁺，≤600 keV的He⁺， ≤2000 keV的O⁺，≤3100 keV的Fe⁺

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