Evolution of Equatorial Plasma Bubbles Group Simultaneously Observed by Multi-instruments over China
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摘要: 利用子午工程富克站（19.5°N, 109.1°E）全天空气辉成像仪、VHF雷达、三亚站（18.4°N, 109.6°E）数字测高仪及C/NOFS卫星观测数据，对2014年3月30日中国上空的等离子体泡进行了研究。结果表明，当天夜间观测到一个等离子体泡群，约由9个等离子体泡组成，发生在日落后，一直持续到午夜后。其自西向东运动，南北向最大尺度超过1200 km，东西向绵延超过1400 km，在演化中部分结构融合在一起。等离子体泡被气辉成像仪观测到的同时，数字测高仪及VHF雷达观测到了相应扩展F及羽毛状不规则结构。同时，C/NOFS卫星检测到相应电子密度耗散。这表明，该等离子体泡同时被地基光学观测、无线电探测及C/NOFS卫星观测到。研究结果给出了多仪器同时观测到的等离子体泡群演化过程，丰富了多仪器融合研究电离层不规则体的内容。Abstract: The Equatorial Plasma Bubbles (EPB) of 30 March 2014 were studied using airglow images of 630 nm emission from all-sky imager and observations of Viral Hemorrhagic Fever (VHF) radar over Hainan Fuke Station (19.5°N, 109.1°E) from the Chinese Meridian Project, digisonde over Hainan Sanya Station (18.4°N, 109.6°E), and data of the Communication/Navigation Outage Forecasting System (C/NOFS). In this case, the morphological features and evolution processes of these EPBs were analyzed and studied in detail. The results showed that there was a group of EPB over China during the night of 30 March 2014. The EPB group includes about nine EPB which were simultaneously observed by multi-instrument. These EPBs occurred after sunset, lasting after midnight. The lifetime of the EPBs is about eight hours (from 20:15 LT to 04:15 LT). These EPB moved from west to east during the night. The maximal scale of their longitudinal ranges is more than 1200 km. East-west ranges of the EPB group are more than 1400 km. Besides, two EPBs showed a merging process in the evolutionary process. Portion of b6 merged into the other EPB and then formed into one EPB. When these EPBs were observed by the all-sky imager, the corresponding range spread F and plume irregularities were also simultaneously observed by the digisonde and VHF radar, respectively. Meanwhile, observations from C/NOFS also showed plasma depletion over the same period. Evolutions of these EPBs were simultaneously observed by optical equipment (all-sky imager) and radio equipment (VHF radar and digisonde) of ground-based measurements, and C/NOFS satellite. The observation results show that evolution of these EPBs which is simultaneously observed by multi-instrument. These observation results and the study enrich research of ionospheric irregularity based on observations of multi-instrument.
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Key words:
- Equatorial plasma bubble /
- All-sky imager /
- Digisonde /
- VHF radar /
- C/NOFS satellite
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图 1 使用仪器的地理位置。红色星代表富克台站地理位置，绿色方块代表三亚台站地理位置，蓝色圈代表全天空气辉成像仪250 km高度处的观测视场，黑色直线代表VHF雷达的7个波束大致位置，红色点线代表磁赤道
Figure 1. Location of instruments. The red star shows the location of Fuke station. The green square represents the location of Sanya station. The blue circle represents the FOVs of all-sky imager at an altitude of 250 km. The black lines represent 7 beams of VHF radar. The red dotted line is the magnetic equator
图 2 2014年3月30－31日海南富克观测站20:47－04:04 LT观测到的等离子体泡。 观测图片投影到250 km高度处的地理坐标，红色星代表全天空气辉成像仪地理位置 （19.5°N，109.1°E）
Figure 2. Images of plasma bubbles from the Hainan Fuke station between 20:47 LT and 04:04 LT during the night of 30－31 March 2014. All airglow images were mapped to geographical coordinates by assuming that the airglow emission layer at an altitude of about 250 km. The red stars of image represent the location (19.5°N, 109.1°E) of the all-sky imager
图 3 C/NOFS卫星及气辉同时观测结果。蓝色曲线代表C/NOFS卫星检测到的等离子体密度，红色点线代表磁赤道，绿色线代表C/NOFS卫星的轨道，黑色线代表卫星轨迹投影到250 km处的轨道
Figure 3. EPBs were observed by C/NOFS and all-sky imager. The blue line represents plasma density of C/NOFS satellite. The red dotted line is the magnetic equator. The green line represents the satellite orbit. The black line represents the satellite orbit which was mapped onto the altitude of 250 km
图 4 2014年3月30－31日三亚观测站数字测高仪记录的电离层频高图
Figure 4. Ionograms recorded by digisonde at Sanya station on 30 and 31 March 2014
图 5 2014年3月30－31日富克VHF雷达回波强度观测结果
Figure 5. Observational results of VHF radar at Fuke on 30 and 31 March 2014
图 6 2014年3月30－31日电离层F层虚高（a）和 峰高（b）随时间的变化
Figure 6. Variations of $ {h'F}^{} $ (a) and hmF2 (b) of F layer on 30 and 31 March 2014
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