Methods of Planetary Atmospheric Density Retrieval Based on X-ray Occultation
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摘要: X射线掩星是一种常见的天文现象，基于X射线掩星探测的大气密度反演是一种涉及学科交叉的新方法，其通过处理高能X射线天体辐射源的掩星观测数据实现大气密度的反演，基本原理为X射线在大气中传播时，X射线光子被大气中的原子（包括分子中的原子）吸收和散射，从而导致X射线强度发生衰减，根据衰减后X射线信号的强度反演对应的密度廓线。本文根据X射线掩星探测的应用需求，论证了基于X射线掩星实现大气密度反演的新方法，重点介绍了光变曲线拟合和能谱拟合两种地球中高层大气密度反演算法，分析了X射线掩星探测反演大气密度的研究进展和研究方法，对基于X射线掩星反演大气密度的优点进行分析和讨论，进而对X射线掩星探测的应用场景进行展望。结果表明，作为一种新型中高层大气密度测量手段，X射线掩星探测可对中高层大气密度实现有效探测，弥补了目前中高层大气密度实测数据的不足。Abstract: X-ray occultation is a common astronomical phenomenon. The retrieval of atmospheric density based on X-ray occultation sounding is a new method involving interdisciplinary research. This method realizes the inversion of atmospheric density by processing the measured occultation data of high-energy X-ray celestial radiation sources. The basic principle is that when X-rays propagate in the atmosphere, X-ray photons are absorbed and scattered by atoms in the atmosphere (including atoms in molecules), resulting in attenuation of X-ray intensity, and the corresponding density profile is retrieved according to the intensity of the attenuated X-ray signal. This paper briefly introduces the application requirements of X-ray occultation sounding, and focuses on the analysis and demonstration of a new method for retrieving atmospheric density based on X-ray occultation. Firstly, the research progress and methods of atmospheric density retrieval by X-ray occultation sounding are introduced, and two kinds of density retrieval algorithms, light curve fitting and energy spectrum fitting, including the construction of forward model and the selection of likelihood function in parameter estimation, are introduced emphatically. Then, the advantages of atmospheric density retrieval based on X-ray occultation are analyzed and discussed. Finally, the application scenarios of X-ray occultation sounding are prospected. The results show that X-ray occultation sounding, as a new means of measuring the density of the middle and upper atmosphere, can effectively detect the density of the middle and upper atmosphere, and make up the shortage of the current measured data of the middle and upper atmosphere density.
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图 2 基于Insight-HXMT观测数据得到的光线曲线
Figure 2. Light curves obtained by Insight-HXMT observations
图 3 掩星期间不同高度范围能谱对比
Figure 3. Comparison of energy spectra at different altitude ranges during occultation
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