张衡一号卫星探测的赤道附近电场分布及其与电离层分布的关系
doi: 10.11728/cjss2023.05.2023-0020 cstr: 32142.14.cjss2023.05.2023-0020
Distribution of Equatorial Electric Field and Its Relation with Ionosphere Distribution Detected by the ZH-1 Satellite
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摘要: 利用张衡一号卫星搭载的电场探测仪（Electric Field Detector，EFD）获得的VLF频段2019年电场功率谱数据，研究赤道附近区域近东西向电场的背景分布、季节变化以及与电离层背景的关系。结果表明：白天电场背景在赤道及其附近随季节呈不同波形结构，以3波、4波为主；夜间电场背景规律性稍差，仍呈随季节变化的经向波形结构分布特征；白天电场背景与电离层背景的季节变化呈高度正相关性，春秋季为峰值；夜间电场背景的季节变化特征是夏冬季峰值，与夜间电离层背景整体上呈负相关性。VLF电场功率谱观测数据与电离层观测数据在较大和较小空间尺度上的统计特征上都具有一致性。EFD载荷为电离层相关科学问题的研究及应用提供了一个可以使用的电场观测数据集。Abstract: The nearly east-west power spectral density data of VLF band in 2019, obtained by the Zhangheng-1 satellite, are used to carry out studies on the background distribution of the equatorial electric field, its seasonal variations, as well as its relation with the background ionosphere. The results are as follows: variations of waveform distributions with the season are shown for the daytime equatorial electric field background in the equator and its adjacent regions, with wave number 3 and wave number 4 being the dominant structure; the longitude waveform distribution and its variation with the season can be seen from the spatial distribution of nighttime field background though its regularity is weaker than that of the daytime data; the daytime electric field background has a highly positive correlation with the ionospheric background, with a seasonal variation patter of spring-autumn peaks; Seasonal variation of equatorial nighttime electric field background is characterized by summer and winter peaks, and the correlation between the two is generally negative. Therefore, the spatiotemporal distribution of the electric field background and its correlation with the ionosphere background suggests that the electric field observations are consistent with the ionospheric observations in terms of statistical features obtained both from large as well as relatively small spatial scales. The EFD payload, as one of the payloads that produces the most data, provides a usable dataset for the study of ionosphere-related scientific problems.
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图 1 EFD载荷电场分量及与卫星坐标系关系（xSB，ySB，zSB箭头方向表示卫星坐标系xyz轴的正值方向；A，B，C，D为EFD载荷4个球形探针的位置；CH1，CH2，CH3 表示实际使用的三个电场分量）
Figure 1. Components of EFD payload and their relations with the satellite coordinate (The arrow directions of xSB，ySB，zSB indicate the positive direction of the satellite coordinate xyz; A, B, C, and D represent the position of the 4 sphere probes of the EFD payload; CH1, CH2, and CH3 are the three components of the payload)
图 2 2019年白天功率谱（PSD）逐月背景分布（黑色实线表示磁倾角为0的磁赤道，白色虚线为地理赤道）
Figure 2. Monthly background distributions for daytime PSD measurements in 2019 (The black solid line indicates dip equator, and the white dashed line is the geographic equator)
图 3 2019年夜间功率谱（PSD）逐月背景分布（黑色实线表示磁倾角为0的磁赤道，白色虚线为地理赤道）
Figure 3. Monthly background distributions for nighttime PSD measurements in 2019 (The black solid line indicates dip equator, and the white dashed line is the geographic equator)
图 4 2019年白天功率谱（PSD）与电子密度观测数据月背景变化趋势对比
Figure 4. Comparison of monthly background for daytime PSD and electron density measurements in 2019
图 5 2019 年夜间功率谱（PSD）与电子密度观测数据月背景变化趋势对比（黑色虚线椭圆表示与夜间整体情况存在差异的情况）
Figure 5. Comparison of monthly background for nighttime PSD and electron density measurements in 2019 (The black dashed ellipses indicate the situation that differs from the overall nighttime conditions)
表 1 不同经度区功率谱与电子密度观测数据月背景相关系数
Table 1. Pearson correlation coefficients of monthly background for PSD and electron density measurements in different longitude sectors
Longitude sector rd rn Longitude sector rd rn Longitude sector rd rn –180º至–150º 0.2869 –0.4832 –60º至–30º 0.8837 –0.8297 60º至90º 0.4223 –0.7596 –150º至–120º 0.6598 –0.6592 –30º至0º 0.6473 –0.7942 90º至120º 0.2680 –0.7379 –120º至–90º 0.6038 –0.4963 0º至30º 0.6389 –0.7462 120º至150º 0.3263 –0.7359 –90º至–60º 0.8261 –0.7739 30º至60º 0.5513 –0.6174 150º至180º 0.0383 –0.8137 注 rd表示白天数据的相关系数，rn表示夜间数据的相关系数。 
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