Abstract: The temperature field of the material in the solidification process has an important influence on the final quality of the material. Due to the difference between the space microgravity environment and the ground gravity environment, there are certain differences in the heat transfer characteristics between the ground and space, which leads to the difference in the temperature field distribution in the high temperature material experimental furnace. As a result, the heat transfer characteristics obtained in ground experiments cannot be applied to space experiments. This will have an impact on the success of space materials experiments. Compared with the ground, the heat transfer parameters of the space high temperature material experimental furnace will change during the experiment, but these heat transfer parameters are difficult to measure during the experiment and cannot be accurately obtained. In this paper, a three-dimensional numerical calculation model of heat transfer in the high temperature material experiment furnace of the space station is established and the model is simplified reasonably. The temperature field simulation of the ground experiment and space experiment is carried out respectively, thus the temperature distribution of the sample box is obtained, and the temperature obtained by simulation is compared with that of the space experiment. The variation of heat transfer parameters in the space microgravity environment and the ground normal gravity environment is analyzed, and the heat transfer law similar to the space condition is obtained. This project provides a new way to predict the spatial temperature field distribution of high temperature cabinet material experimental furnace based on the results of ground experiments.