极紫外光电效应电荷驱动仿真与试验验证
doi: 10.11728/cjss2024.02.2023-0038 cstr: 32142.14.cjss2024.02.2023-0038
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王子栋：男, 1998年1月出生于山东省菏泽市. 现为中国科学院国家空间科学中心硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为空间引力波探测中检验质量电荷管理技术. E-mail: wangzidong20@mails.ucas.ac.cn
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Simulation and Experimental Validation of Charge-driven Extreme Ultraviolet Photoelectric Effect
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摘要: 惯性传感器中的检验质量是精密引力测量系统中的核心, 其表面会因为宇宙高能粒子持续注入而积累电荷, 在惯性传感器内部电磁场作用下产生杂散噪声, 影响精密引力测量结果. 根据光电效应原理, 用UV LED产生极紫外光照射惯性传感器的电极与检验质量表面, 并在电极间施加适当电场, 就可以在不引入外力作用且无接触条件下改变检验质量的电荷量. 本文基于平行板电容器的简化电极模型, 对极紫外电荷驱动过程进行了理论建模仿真. 在此基础上设计和构建了一套电荷驱动验证试验系统, 针对光功率、偏置电压对充放电速率的影响和交流电荷驱动进行试验. 试验证明电荷充放电速率与极紫外光功率成正比, 其量子产率随极板间电场强度变化. 最终可实现稳定控制检验质量电荷放电速率在0.31～0.76 pC⋅s–1, 检验质量电荷充电速率在–0.05～–0.17 pC⋅s–1. 分析提出的检验质量电荷充放电速率理论模型与地面试验结果一致, 可以有力支撑电荷管理控制系统的研制.Abstract: The test masses of the inertial sensor is the core of the precision gravity measurement system. The surface of test masses accumulates charges due to continuous injection of high-energy particles from space, which generates stray noise under the action of the internal electromagnetic field of the sensor and affects the precision gravity measurement results. According to the principle of photoelectric effect, use UV LED to generate extreme ultraviolet light to irradiate the electrodes of an inertial sensor and the surface of the test masses, and applying an appropriate electric field between the electrodes, it is possible to change the charge amount of the test masses without external forces and under non-contact conditions. Based on the simplified electrode model of the parallel plate capacitor, this paper carried out theoretical modeling and simulation of the extreme ultraviolet charge driving process. Based on this, a set of charge driving verification test system was designed and constructed, and experiments were carried out on the effects of light power and bias voltage on the charging and discharging rates and AC charge driving. The experiment proved that the charge-discharge rate is proportional to the extreme ultraviolet light power, and its quantum yield changes with the electric field strength between the plates. Ultimately, a stable control of the test masses discharge rate between 0.31 pC⋅s–1 and 0.76 pC⋅s–1 and charge rate between –0.05 pC⋅s–1 and –0.17 pC⋅s–1 can be achieved. The theoretical model of charge-discharge rate proposed in this article for the test masses is consistent with the results of ground experiments, which can strongly support the development of charge management and control systems.
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图 1 偏压板加负偏压(a)与加正偏压(b)时光电子的移动方向
Figure 1. Direction of photoelectron movement when the bias plate is negatively biased (a) and positively biased (b)
图 2 在单光源波长照射下垂直于表面方向的光电子动能分布(a), 实际使用的UV LED光谱(b)以及在UV LED照射下垂直于表面方向的光电子动能分布 (c)
Figure 2. Distribution of photoelectron kinetic energy perpendicular to the surface direction under single-source wavelength illumination (a), UV LED spectrum actually used (b), distribution of photoelectron kinetic energy perpendicular to the surface direction under UV LED illumination (c)
图 4 中间极板表面照度(a)及偏压板表面照度分布(b)
Figure 4. Surface illuminance distribution of the middle polarizer (a) and surface illuminance distribution of the biasing polarizer (b)
图 5 地面试验系统中仪器整体连接及真空箱内部信号连接
Figure 5. Overall connection of the instrument in the ground experimental system and the internal signal connection of the vacuum chamber
图 6 中间极板放电(a)、充电(b)的电势变化以及平均电荷变化速率随板间电势差变化趋势(c)
Figure 6. Potential change of the middle electrode during discharging (a), charging (b), and average charge rate of the middle electrode changes with the potential difference between the plates (c)
图 7 中间极板放电(a)、充电(b)的电势变化以及电势平均电荷变化速率(c)
Figure 7. Potential change of the middle electrode during discharging (a), charging (b), and average rate of charge change for the absolute value of the intermediate plate potential (c)
图 8 仿真结果与对应条件下的试验结果对比
Figure 8. Simulation results are compared with the experimental results under the corresponding conditions
图 10 中间极板在交流控制下的电势变化(a)以及对应电势变化率(b)
Figure 10. Potential change of the middle electrode under AC control (a) and corresponding rate of potential change (b)
图 9 交流控制中的信号相位关系. (a) UV LED驱动信号与偏压信号同相实现放电过程, (b)两个信号反相即可实现充电过程
Figure 9. Signal phase relationship in AC control. (a) UV LED driving signal and bias voltage signal are in phase to achieve the discharge process, (b) two signals can be out of phase to achieve the charging process
图 11 交流放电试验中2530～2767 s放电与模型放电曲线对比(a)以及3735～4321 s充电曲线与模型充电曲线对比(b)
Figure 11. Comparison of discharge curves from 2530 to 2767 seconds in AC discharge tests with model discharge curves (a) and comparison of charging curves from 3735 to 4321 seconds in AC discharge tests with model charging curves (b)
表 1 交流试验时间序列
Table 1. AC experiment time sequence
UV LED 信号相位/(°) 时间/s 0 180 √ √ × 503 × × × 686 √ × √ 2357 √ √ × 3265 √ × √ 5000 √ √ × 5994 √ × √ 8187 √ √ × 9242 √ × √ 10944 注 UV LED: √表示UV LED开启, ×表示UV LED关闭. 信号相位: √位于0°表明UV LED信号与偏压信号同相, 位于180°表明UV LED信号与偏压信号反相. 
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