SDGSAT-1: Capabilities for Monitoring and Evaluating SDG Indicators
doi: 10.11728/cjss2024.04.2024-yg15 cstr: 32142.14.cjss2024.04.2024-yg15
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Abstract: SDGSAT-1, the world's first science satellite dedicated to assisting the United Nations 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda, has been operational for over two and a half years. It provides valuable data to aid in implementing the Sustainable Development Goals internationally. Through its Open Science Program, the satellite has maintained consistent operations and delivered free data to scientific and technological users from 88 countries. This program has produced a wealth of scientific output, with 72 papers, including 28 on data processing methods and 44 on applications for monitoring progress toward SDGs related to sustainable cities, clean energy, life underwater, climate action, and clean water and sanitation. SDGSAT-1 is equipped with three key instruments: a multispectral imager, a thermal infrared spectrometer, and a glimmer imager, which have enabled ground-breaking research in a variety of domains such as water quality analysis, identification of industrial heat sources, assessment of environmental disaster impacts, and detection of forest fires. The precise measurements and ongoing monitoring made possible by this invaluable data significantly advance our understanding of various environmental phenomena. They are essential for making well-informed decisions on a local and global scale. Beyond its application to academic research, SDGSAT-1 promotes global cooperation and strengthens developing countries’ capacity to accomplish their sustainable development goals. As the satellite continues to gather and distribute data, it plays a pivotal role in developing strategies for environmental protection, disaster management and relief, and resource allocation. These initiatives highlight the satellite’s vital role in fostering international collaboration and technical innovation to advance scientific knowledge and promote a sustainable future.
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Key words:
- SDGSAT-1 /
- Earth observation /
- Remote sensing /
- SDGs
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Figure 2. SDGSAT-1 MSI true RGB image (band combination: 5-4-3) of the red tide observed off the coast of Huizhou City, Guangdong Province, China, captured on 11 March 2022
Figure 3. SDGSAT-1 TIS Band 2 nighttime imagery showing coastal factories in Tangshan City, Hebei Province, China on 10 January 2024. Heat sources within the factory perimeters are visible in the imagery. Water bodies around factories also have an elevated temperature relative to their surrounding environment
Figure 4. Comparison between SDGSAT-1 GLI imagery of Antakya, Hatay Province, Turkey, before and after the 2023 Turkey-Syria earthquakes. (a) RGB (band combination: 1-2-3) nighttime GLI imagery captured on 12 February 2023, after the earthquake, (b) RGB (band combination: 1-2-3) nighttime GLI imagery captured on 22 August 2022, before the earthquake, depicting bright nighttime light from roads and urban areas with precise details
Figure 5. SDGSAT-1 TIS Band 2 imagery of the sea ice distribution near the Antarctic Peninsula. Imaging date: 16 February 2023
Figure 6. SDGSAT-1 three-sensor synergetic observation of the 2024 Ganzi forest fire. (a) MSI pseudo-RGB image (band combination: 5-6-3) captured on 19 March 2024, of burned areas near Yajiang County, Ganzi Prefecture, Sichuan Province, China. (b) TIS Band 2 nighttime imagery of the same area was captured on 16 March 2024. (c) GLI nighttime imagery (band combination: 1-2-3) captured on 16 March 2024, of the same location
Table 1. Technical parameters of three instruments onboard SDGSAT-1
Instrument Parameter Specification and unit Multispectral imager Swath width 300 km Spatial resolution 10 m Bands and central wavelengths Band 1 (deep blue): 400.63 nm
Band 2 (deep blue): 438.47 nm
Band 3 (blue): 495.10 nm
Band 4 (green): 553.23 nm
Band 5 (red): 656.75 nm
Band 6 (red edge): 776.12 nm
Band 7 (near-infrared): 854.02 nmThermal infrared spectrometer Swath width 300 km Spatial resolution 30 m Bands and central wavelengths Band 1: 9.35 μm
Band 2: 10.73 μm
Band 3: 11.72 μmGlimmer imager Swath width 300 km Spatial resolution Panchromatic: 10 m. RGB: 40 m Bands and central wavelengths Blue band: 478.87 nm
Green band: 561.20 nm
Red band: 734.25 nm
Panchromatic band: 680.72 nm
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