Progress and Achievements of Fengyun Meteorological Satellite Program since 2022

GUAN Min; WANG Jingsong; ZHAO Xiangang; QIN Danyu; FAN Cunqun; XIAN Di; LIU Chang

doi:10.11728/cjss2024.04.2024-yg21

Progress and Achievements of Fengyun Meteorological Satellite Program since 2022

doi: 10.11728/cjss2024.04.2024-yg21 cstr: 32142.14.cjss2024.04.2024-yg21

1.
National Satellite Meteorological Center (National Centre for Space Weather), Beijing 100081
2.
Innovation Center for Fengyun Meteorological Satellite (FYSIC), Beijing 100081
3.
Key Laboratory of Radiometric Calibration and Validation for Environmental Satellites/Key Laboratory ofSpace Weather, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081

Funds: Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (42274217)

More Information

Author Bio:
Female, born in Xinjiang in June 1978, is now an associate researcher of the National Satellite Meteorological Center and the National Centre for Space Weather. She has long been engaged in research and development of Fengyun meteorological satellite programme, paying special attention to the continuity and risks of Fengyun meteorological satellites operation and planning, and the socio-economic benefit evaluation of meteorological satellites. E-mail: guanmin@cma.gov.cn

Corresponding author: Male, born in Hubei Province in October 1970, professor, currently serves as Director-General of the National Satellite Meteorological Center (NSMC) and the National Centre for Space Weather (NCSW). His main research fields cover ionospheric physics, space weather theory and applications, solar-terrestrial relationships the development and application of FengYun meteorological satellite. Now he is the deputy commander-in-chief and the chief designer of China’s FengYun meteorological satellite programme. E-mail: wangjs@cma.gov.cn

摘要

Abstract: Fengyun meteorological satellites have undergone a series of significant developments over the past 50 years. Two generations, four types, and 21 Fengyun satellites have been developed and launched, with 9 currently operational in orbit. The data obtained from Fengyun satellites is employed in a multitude of applications, including weather forecasting, meteorological disaster prevention and reduction, climate change, global environmental monitoring, and space weather. These data products and services are made available to the global community, resulting in tangible social and economic benefits. In 2023, two Fengyun meteorological satellites were successfully launched. This report presents an overview of the two recently launched Fengyun satellites and currently in orbit Fengyun satellites, including an evaluation of their remote sensing instruments since 2022. Additionally, it addresses the subject of Fengyun satellite data archiving, data services, application services, international cooperation, and supporting activities. Furthermore, the development prospects have been outlined.
- Fengyun meteorological satellites /
- Data services and application /
- International cooperation and support

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Figure 1. Operational Fengyun satellites in space

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Figure 2. Cumulative annual archive data volume in NSMC

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Table 1. Instruments on FY-3G

No.	Instruments	Statues
1	PMR	New
2	MWRI-RM	Improved
3	MERSI-RM	Improved
4	GNOS-II	Inherited

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Table 2. Instruments on FY-3F

No.	Instruments	Statues
1 2	OMS-L OMS-N	New
3 4 5	MERSI-III MWRI-II ERM-II	Improved
6 7 8 9 10	HIRAS-II MWTS-III MWHS-II GNOS-II SIM-II	Inherited

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Table 3. Current Fengyun LEO satellites (as of 1 June 2024)

Orbit type (Local time of descending node/ascending node)	Satellites currently in orbit	Equatorial crossing time (designed)	Equatorial crossing time (present)	Launch date	Status	Main instruments
Morning orbit (07:00 LT–12:00 LT)/ (19:00 LT–24:00 LT)	FY-3C	10:00 LT	07:39 LT	23 Sept. 2013	Partially operational	VIRR(O) MERSI(S) IRAS(S) MWRI(S) MWTS-II(S) MWHS-II(O) TOU(O) SIM(S) ERM(O) GNOS(O) SEM(S)
Afternoon orbit (12:00 LT–17:00 LT)/ (00:00 LT–05:00 LT)	FY-3D	14:00 LT	13:45 LT	15 Nov. 2017	Operational	MERSI-II(O) HIRAS(O) MWTS-II(O) MWHS-II(O) MWRI(O) GAS(T) GNOS(O) WAI(O) IPM(O) SEM(O)
Early-morning orbit	FY-3E	5:30 LT	5:30 LT	5 Jul. 2021	Operational	MERSI-LL(O) HIRAS-II(O) MWTS-III(O) MWHS-II(O) GNOS-II(O) WindRAD(O) SSIM(O) SIM-II(O) X-EUVI(O) Tri-IPM(O) SEM(O)
Drifting	FY-3G			16 Apr. 2023	Operational	See Table 1
Morning orbit	FY-3F	10:00 LT		3 Aug. 2023	Commissioning	See Table 2
Note (O) indicates that the instrument is in a state of operational readiness, whereas, (S) denotes that the instrument is currently in a state of shutdown.

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Table 4. Current Fengyun GEO satellites in orbit (as of 1 April 2024)

Satellites	Location	Launch date	Status	Instruments
FY-2G	99.5°E	31 Dec. 2014	Operational	VISSR SEM
FY-2H	79°E	5 Jun. 2018	Operational	VISSR SEM
FY-4A	86.5°E	11 Dec. 2016	Degraded operational	AGRI GIIRS LMI SEP
FY-4B	105°E	3 Jun. 2021	Operational	AGRI GIIRS GHI SEP

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Table 5. Detailed characteristics of AGRI on FY-4B

	Central wavelength/µm	Spectral interval/µm	SNR or NEΔT @ specified input	IFOV at s.s.p./ km
1	0.47	0.45–0.49	≥90 @ 100% albedo	1
2	0.65	0.55–0.75	≥150 @ 100% albedo	0.5
3	0.825	0.75–0.90	≥200 @ 100% albedo or ≥3 @ 1% albedo	1
4	1.378	1.371–1.386	≥120 @ 100% albedo or ≥2 @ 1% albedo	2
5	1.61	1.58–1.64	≥200 @ 100% albedo or ≥3 @ 1% albedo	2
6	2.25	2.10–2.35	≥200 @ 100% albedo or ≥2 @ 1% albedo	2
7	3.75 (high)	3.50–4.00	≤ 0.7 K @ 315 K	2
8	3.75 (low)	3.50–4.00	0.2 K @ 300 K or 2.0 K @ 240 K	4
9	6.25	5.80–6.70	0.2 K @ 300 K or 0.9 K @ 240 K	4
10	6.95	6.75–7.15	0.25 K @ 300 K or 0.9 K @ 240 K	4
11	7.92	7.24–7.60	0.25 K @ 300 K or 0.9 K @ 240 K	4
12	8.55	8.30–8.80	0.2 K @ 300 K or 0.4 K @ 240 K	4
13	10.80	10.30–11.30	0.2 K @ 300 K or 0.4 K @ 240 K	4
14	12.00	11.50–12.50	0.2 K @ 300 K or 0.4 K @ 240 K	4
15	13.30	13.00–13.60	0.5 K @ 300 K or 0.9 K @ 240 K	4

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Table 6. Detailed characteristics of FY-4B GIIRS

Spectral range/µm	Spectral range/cm^–1	Spectral resolution/cm^–1	NEΔR or SNR
14.7–8.85	680–1130	0.625	0.5 mW·m^–2·sr^–1·cm
6.06–4.44	1650–2250	0.625	0.1 mW·m^–2·sr^–1·cm
0.55–0.90	N/A	N/A	200 @ 100% albedo

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Table 7. Detailed characteristics of FY-4B GHI

Central wavelength/µm	Spectral interval/µm	SNR or NEΔT @ specified input	IFOV at s.s.p./ km
0.675	0.45–0.9	> 300 @ 100% albedo	0.25
0.470	0.445–0.495	> 300 @ 100% albedo	0.5
0.545	0.52–0.57	> 300 @ 100% albedo	0.5
0.645	0.62–0.67	> 300 @ 100% albedo	0.5
1.378	1.371–1.386	> 300 @ 100% albedo	0.5
1.61	1.58–1.64	> 300 @ 100% albedo	0.5
11.4	10.3–12.5	0.2 K @ 300 K	2.0

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