基于双层气辉观测的特殊传播方向电离层行进式扰动事件
doi: 10.11728/cjss2024.06.2024-0006 cstr: 32142.14.cjss.2024-0006
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周尘砂 男, 1997年8月出生于重庆市南川区, 现为重庆邮电大学理学院硕士研究生, 物理学专业. E-mail: s210601020@stu.cqupt.edu.cn -
赖昌 男, 1980年1月出生于四川省内江市, 现为重庆邮电大学理学院教授, 研究生导师, 主要研究方向为中高层大气波动、气辉图像智能识别等. E-mail: laichang@cqupt.edu.cn
作者简介:
通讯作者:
Traveling Ionospheric Disturbance Events with Special Propagation Direction Based on Double-layer Airglow Observation
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摘要: 2011－2021年, 位于中国河北省兴隆县的子午工程兴隆台站(40.4°N, 117.6°E, 30.5°MLAT)的全天空气辉成像仪记录了611次中尺度电离层行进式扰动(Medium-scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbance, MSTID)事件, 其中589次是典型的西南向传播, 22次是非西南向传播. 为了更好地理解这些非典型传播方向的MSTID事件, 采用地基协同观测的OI 630 nm和OH近红外波段气辉图像对比MSTID和大气重力波(Atmospheric Gravity Wave, AGW)传播参数、射线追踪和风场数据, 探讨了非西南传播的典型MSTID事件的形成机制. 结果表明, 当MSTID和AGW传播方向相近时, 上游AGW激发的Perkins不稳定性可能是形成这类MSTID的机制, 解释了东北方向和部分西北方向传播的事件; 在黄昏时分, 中性风场向东, AGW破碎后的波动经过中性风的过滤, 导致西向传播的MSTID事件; 孤波MSTID不具有周期性结构, 可能源自E-F耦合激发.Abstract: The all-sky airglow imager at Xinglong Station (40.4°N, 117.6°E, and 30.5°MLAT), has captured 611 Medium-scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbance (MSTID) events from 2011 to 2021 in the 630nm wavelength band. Among all events, a notable majority of 589 demonstrate typical southwestward propagation characteristics, while the remaining 22 events propagate in other directions. To delve deeper into the understanding of these atypical MSTID events, a meticulous examination was undertaken utilizing ground-based coordinated observations of OI 630 nm and OH near-infrared airglow images. From each non southwest direction—northeast, northwest, and southeast—one representative event was selected for detailed discussion. The analysis includes comparison of various parameters associated with MSTID and Atmospheric Gravity Waves (AGW), ray tracing algorithm, and wind field data. Based on the analysis and previous references, the possible sources of the MSTIDs were concluded as follow. MSTID events exhibiting congruent propagation with AGW may be attributed to the Perkins instability induced by upstream AGW propagation. This explanation is plausible for events propagating towards the northeast and some northwestward events, since AGWs propagating to the directions similar with the simultaneous above MSTIDs were spotted in these events. The fluctuation from broken AGWs is filtered by the eastward neutral winds during twilight hours. Normally, only the westward components pass through and continue propagating upwards, which leads to the westward MSTID event discussed in this paper. Comprised with the northwestward event, the relative intensity of the westward event is small, also indicating the westward event may be triggered by the broken AGWs. Solitary wave MSTID events, characterized by their absence of periodic structural features, are posited to originate from the coupling between the E and F layers of the ionosphere, rather than being directly influenced by AGW phenomena. This comprehensive analysis not only advances our understanding of the generation of MSTIDs but also underscores the intricate interplay between various atmospheric processes in shaping ionospheric disturbances.
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Key words:
- MSTID /
- AGW /
- All-sky airglow imager /
- Non-southwestern propagation
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图 1 同时观测到的东北向MSTID (a)与AGW (b)气辉. 红色虚线为波面
Figure 1. Simultaneously observed northeastward MSTID (a) and AGW (b). The wave forms are marked by red dashes
图 2 反向射线追踪结果. (a)红色五角星表示兴隆台站, 红色实线表示OI气辉观测的MSTID反向射线追踪路径, 红色线条的末端是追踪结果位置, 黑色和绿色线条分别表示MSTID和AGW的波面
Figure 2. Backward ray tracing results. In (a), the red pentagram represents the Xinglong Station, and the red lines depict the backward ray tracing paths of MSTID observed in OI airglow. The end points of the red lines indicate the traced positions. The black and green lines respectively represent the wave fronts of MSTID and AGW
图 3 东北向MSTID事件波长和传播速度统计
Figure 3. Statistics of northeast MSTID event wavelength and propagation velocity
图 4 西北向的MSTID (a)与西南向的AGW (b). 红色虚线为波面
Figure 4. Northwestward MSTID (a) and southwestward AGW (b) observed simultaneously. The wave forms are marked by red dashes
图 5 孤波MSTID (a)与下方OH气辉中的AGW (b). 红色虚线为波面. (a)对角线上的 暗色条纹是西南向传播的孤波MSTID
Figure 5. Solitary MSTID (a) and AGW in OH airglow below (b). The wave forms are marked by red dashes. The dark stripe in subgraph (a) is a solitary MSTID propagating southwest
表 1 东北向MSTID与AGW事件参数
Table 1. Parameters of the northeast MSTID and AGW
波动类型 传播速度/(m·s–1) 波长/km 周期/s 相对强度 传播方位/(°) MSTID 150±11 200.7±0.3 1335±11 0.40 57±5 AGW 59±2 55.6±0.6 941±37 0.24 55±3 
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表 2 西北向MSTID与西南向AGW事件参数
Table 2. Northwest MSTID and southwest AGW event parameters
波动类型 传播速度/(m·s–1) 波长/km 周期/s 相对强度 传播方位/(°) MSTID 195±26 162.5±2.2 836±12 0.27 333±7 AGW 55±3 35.0±0.6 635±37 0.22 112±1
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表 3 孤波MSTID与AGW事件参数
Table 3. Solitary MSTID and AGW event parameters
波动类型 传播速度/(m·s–1) 波长/km 周期/s 相对强度 传播方向/(°) MSTID 212±9 － － 0.37 144±11 AGW 44±4 21.7±0.6 498±37 0.14 76±2
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