Study on the Fusionand Validation of Sea Surface Height Anomaly Field based on the Radar Altimeters Onboard HY-2C/D Satellites
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摘要: 星载雷达高度计能够定期提供高精度的全球海面高观测值,但单星的星下点观测稀疏,为了便于中尺度海洋现象的研究,对多颗卫星的观测进行融合是最有效的技术手段。HY-2C/D卫星是倾斜轨道卫星,其轨道配置和国外最先进的Jason系列卫星相似,特别适合作为海面高融合的数据源。目前国际上提供了多种业务的融合海面高异常场模型,但都没有融合我国的海HY-2C/D卫星数据。本文对HY-2C/D卫星雷达高度计进行了基于Jason-3卫星的交叉定标,校正了其系统偏差,计算其海面高异常,并利用最优插值法,以当前国际上最先进的MIOST海面高异常场作为背景场,生成了南海区域(10°×10°)的海面高融合场海面高异常的融合场。在最优插值法最关键的方差-协方差矩阵的构造中,基于HY-2C/D卫星自交叉定标的标准差构造其对角线,利用海面高异常功率谱确定其相关尺度,进而构造协方差阵元。利用我国的业务化高度计定标场:万山定标场的验潮站作为检验数据,对融合前后的海面高度场进行了检验,发现HY-2C和HY-2D卫星数据融合之后,相对于验潮站海面高异常序列的均方根误差降低,证明了HY-2C/D数据在融合卫星测高产品中的贡献。Abstract: Spaceborne radar altimeters can provide high-precision global sea surface height (SSH) observations regularly. However, the spatial resolution from a single satellite is relatively sparse. To facilitate the study of mesoscale ocean phenomena, multi-satellite data fusion techniques are essential. The HY-2C/D satellites, operating in inclined orbits with configurations similar to the advanced Jason series (e.g., Jason-3), are particularly suitable as data sources for SSH fusion. Although multiple operational fused SSH anomaly fields (e.g., the MIOST product) exist internationally, none currently incorporate China's HY-2C/D data. This study performed cross-calibration for the HY-2C/D radar altimeters against Jason-3 to correct systematic biases and compute sea surface height anomalies (SSHA). Using the Optimal Interpolation (OI) method, we integrated HY-2C/D data into the MIOST background field to generate a fused SSH anomaly field for the South China Sea (10°×10°). In constructing the OI's critical variance-covariance matrix, the diagonal elements were derived from the standard deviations of HY-2C/D post-calibration data, while covariance terms were determined based on the power spectrum characteristics of SSHA. Validation using tide gauge data from the Wanshan Calibration Site (China's operational altimeter calibration field) demonstrated that the fusion of HY-2C and HY-2D data reduced the root-mean-square error (RMSE) of SSHA sequences relative to ground truth. This study confirms the contribution of HY-2C/D data to fused satellite altimetry products.
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