Abstract: Solar prominences are magnetic structures suspended in the corona, characterized by relatively low temperatures (typically below 10,000 K) and higher electron densities (10^9-10^11 cm^-3). Researches indicate a significant correlation between prominences and solar eruptive activities—such as solar flares and coronal mass ejections—which may trigger hazardous space weather events. Studying the spatiotemporal distribution of solar prominences can enhance forecasting capabilities and mitigate potential catastrophic impacts.
This dataset is derived from 30.4 nm wavelength images captured by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) instrument aboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) satellite, with a 10-minute temporal resolution. By employing background reconstruction to enhance the contrast of off-limb features, automatic algorithms—including skeleton extraction and region-growing techniques—were applied to identify prominence regions in the processed images and extract relevant parameters. Persisting prominences were tracked and stored in data files. The processed images and prominence data files are organized in a year-month-day three-level directory structure.
Spanning from 00:00:00 on January 1, 2011, to 23:50:00 on December 31, 2022, the dataset comprises a total of 101,741 prominence files. Rigorous validation was conducted in compliance with established protocols and classification standards to ensure high reliability. This dataset provides scientific support for research on the spatiotemporal distribution of solar prominences across cycles and contributes to the prediction of hazardous space weather events.