Study on the Effects of Planet Radius on Long-term Evolution of Oxygen Ion Escape Rate in Venus-like Exoplanets
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摘要: 近年来,系外行星的研究已成为天文学和行星科学领域的热点课题。随着探测技术的飞速发展,人类已发现并确认了数千颗系外行星,并对这些系外行星的大气成分、轨道特性、宜居性等关键特性展开了深入研究。在这一背景下,恒星与行星大气的相互作用被认为是影响行星大气演化及其宜居性的核心机制之一。本研究旨在揭示行星半径在其大气逃逸长期演化中的作用,通过建立三维磁流体动力学模型,结合恒星系统演化特征,揭示了行星半径在长期演化中的作用,基于类金星大气逃逸模型,以Kepler-1649 c及其宿主恒星为研究对象,构建了涵盖不同行星半径和恒星年龄的数值模拟体系。研究发现行星半径会显著改变各离子的逃逸贡献比例。其中,O⁺的逃逸率占总逃逸率的比例随行星半径的增大而减小,在4.8Gyr时从99.3%降低到17.1%。同时,行星际空间中O⁺离子分布与总离子分布之间的差异性随半径增大而增大。本研究为理解系外行星大气演化机制提供了新的视角,发现了行星半径对不同离子逃逸行为的差异性影响。Abstract: In recent years, the study of exoplanets has become a hot topic in astronomy and planetary science. With the rapid development of detection technology, mankind has discovered and confirmed thousands of exoplanets, and has carried out in-depth studies on the atmospheric composition, orbital properties, habitability and other key characteristics of these exoplanets. In this context, star-planet atmosphere interactions have been recognized as one of the central mechanisms affecting the evolution of planetary atmospheres and their habitability. In this study, we aim to reveal the role of planetary radii in the long-term evolution of their atmospheric escape. By building a three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model and combining it with the evolutionary characteristics of the stellar system, we reveal the role of planetary radii in the long-term evolution, and construct a numerical simulation system based on the Venus-like atmospheric escape model, taking Kepler-1649 c and its host star as the research objects, which covers different planetary radii and stellar ages. It is found that the planetary radius significantly changes the escape contribution ratio of each ion. Among them, the escape rate of O⁺ as a proportion of the total escape rate decreases with increasing planetary radius, from 99.3% to 17.1% at 4.8 Gyr. Meanwhile, the variability between the O⁺ ion distribution and the total ion distribution in interplanetary space increases with radius. This study provides a new perspective for understanding the mechanism of exoplanet atmospheric evolution by discovering the differential effect of planetary radius on the escape behavior of different ions.
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Key words:
- MHD simulation /
- Space plasma /
- Exoplanets /
- Ion escape
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