Research on the Performance of BeiDou-3 Broadcast Ephemeris and Ionospheric Model from 2020 to 2025
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摘要: 北斗三号全球卫星导航系统(BDS-3)于2020年7月31日正式开通,其空间段服务能力是决定系统整体性能表现的重要因素。本文首先对广播轨道、广播钟差、空间信号测距误差、广播电离层精度的评估计算方法进行了介绍,然后分别以GFZ和iGMAS的最终产品为参考基准,对系统从正式开通 (2020年)至今(2025年)的变化情况进行了评估分析。研究表明:BDS-3广播轨道精度呈现明显的卫星类型相关性,MEO卫星高于IGSO卫星,与GFZ产品相比,径向、切向、法向95% RMS值分别由2020年的0.104 m、0.482m、0.589m提升至2025年的0.080m、0.351m、0.364m;与iGMAS产品相比则由2020年的0.086m、0.386m、0.461m提升至0.073m、0.341m、0.350m。广播钟差与GFZ产品相比其精度95% RMS值由2020年的0.705m提升至2025年的0.540m;与iGMAS产品相比则由2020年的0.811m达到了2025年的0.640m。SISRE方面,以GFZ和iGMAS产品为基准的95%RMS值也由2020年的0.705m、0.817m分别改善至2025年的0.549m、0.645m。电离层模型误差方面,与CODE和iGMAS电离层产品相比,在太阳活动极小期(2020年)BDGIM模型VTEC平均RMS值分别为3.193TECU和3.176TECU,Klobuchar模型分别为7.359TECU和7.367TECU,而在太阳活动极大期(2025年)分别增至11.481TECU和10.493TECU、22.211TECU和21.802TECU。评估结果可为北斗卫星导航系统性能优化提供支撑。Abstract: The BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS-3) officially began providing global services on July 31, 2020. As the core component of satellite navigation systems, the space segment's service capability determines the overall system performance. This paper first introduces calculation and analysis methods for broadcast orbit errors, broadcast clock errors, Signal-in-space range error and broadcast ionospheric errors. Then, based on the final products of German Geosciences Research Centre (GFZ)and International Global Navigation Satellite System Monitoring and Assessment System (iGMAS),it conducts an evaluation of the changes in broadcast ephemeris accuracy and ionospheric model precision throughout a complete cycle from 2020 to 2025. Research shows that the BDS‑3 broadcast orbit error shows a clear dependence on satellite type, with MEO satellites outperforming IGSO satellites. Compared with GFZ products ,the 95% RMS of the radial ,along‑track and cross‑track error falls from 0.104 m、0.482m、0.589m respectively in 2020 to 0.080 m、0.351m、0.364 m respectively in 2025; and compared with iGMAS products , these data fall from 0.086m、0.386m、0.461m respectively in 2020 to 0.073m、0.341m、0.350m in 2025.Regarding broadcast clock error, based on GFZ products,the 95% RMS improves from 0.705m in 2020 to 0.540 m in 2025; and based on iGMAS products, the 95% RMS in 2020 is 0.811m and 0.640m in 2025.The SISRE of MEO satellites is generally smaller than that of IGSO satellites, and the statistical accuracies of 95% RMS of SISRE in 2020 based on GFZ and iGMAS products reaches 0.705m and 0.817m,and in 2025 reaches 0.549m and 0.645m, respectively. In terms of ionospheric model error, during the solar minimum(2020) the BDGIM model’s VTEC average RMS is 3.193 TECU for the Center for Orbit Determination in Europe(CODE), and 3.176TECU for iGMAS(vs. 7.359 TECU for the Klobuchar model, iGMAS for 7.367TECU), while during the solar maximum(2025) they rise to 11.481 TECU and 22.211 TECU for CODE, 10.493TECU and 21.802TECU for iGMAS respectively, demonstrating BDGIM model’s stronger resistance to disturbances. And the assessment results can provide support for BDS performance optimization.
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