Investigation of Arctic Atmospheric Inertial Gravity Waves Using GPS Radiosonde Observations
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摘要: 本文利用2018、2020和2021年的7~9月中国北极科学考察航次随船走航期间获取的GPS探空观测数据,研究了北极地区夏季15~25 km低平流层大气惯性重力波(简称惯性重力波)参数(包括波长、本征频率、振幅、能量、传播特性等)。结果表明,基于温度扰动计算的惯性重力波垂直波长普遍大于基于风速扰动计算的波长,温度扰动计算得到垂直波长均值约为3.8 km;风速扰动获得的垂直波长均值约为2.3 km。惯性重力波的水平波长分布集中在600 km以内,均值约为400 km。水平波长与垂直波长的比值达60~100倍,即在下平流层惯性重力波基本沿水平方向传播。北极地区的温度与风速扰动振幅均小于中纬度地区,温度扰动振幅基本小于1 K,均值约为0.55 k,风速扰动振幅基本小于2 m/s,均值约为0.85 m/s。北极惯性重力波周期分布在5~12 h。北极惯性重力波总能量分布主要集中在5 J/kg以内,且随高度增加而增大,显示出能量向上的稳定传播。同时,惯性重力波的水平传播方向呈明显的东传特征,少量波向西传播,这与低平流层背景风及其滤波效应密切相关。
Abstract: Based on GPS radiosonde observations collected during the Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition (CHINARE) shipborne campaigns from July to September in 2018, 2020, and 2021, this study investigates the characteristics of inertial gravity waves (IGWs) in the summer lower stratosphere (15–25 km) over the Arctic, including their wavelengths, intrinsic frequencies, amplitudes, energy, and propagation properties. The results show that the vertical wavelengths derived from temperature perturbations are generally larger than those obtained from wind perturbations, with mean values of approximately 3.8 km and 2.3 km, respectively. The horizontal wavelengths are mostly confined within 600 km, with a mean value of about 400 km. The ratio of horizontal to vertical wavelength reaches 60–100, indicating that IGWs in the lower stratosphere propagate predominantly in the horizontal direction. The perturbation amplitudes in the Arctic are smaller than those typically observed at mid-latitudes: temperature perturbations are generally below 1 K (mean ≈ 0.55 K), and wind perturbations are below 2 m/s (mean ≈ 0.85 m/s). The periods of Arctic IGWs range from 5 to 12 hours. The total wave energy is primarily concentrated below 5 J/kg and increases with height, suggesting stable upward propagation of wave energy. Moreover, the horizontal propagation of IGWs exhibits a pronounced eastward preference, with only a small fraction propagating westward, which is consistent with the filtering effect of the background wind in the lower stratosphere.
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