旋转作用下水平圆管内蒸汽冷凝特性
doi: 10.11728/cjss2025.01.2024-0004 cstr: 32142.14.cjss.2024-0004
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张雷刚 男, 1992年3月出生于河南省洛阳市, 现为郑州轻工业大学能源与动力工程学院讲师, 硕士生导师, 主要研究方向为微重力条件下冷凝传热及强化排液研究. E-mail: leigzhang@zzuli.edu.cn
作者简介:
Steam Condensing Characteristics in a Horizontal Circular Tube under Rotating Action
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摘要: 冷凝是传热设备工作中一种重要的物理过程. 与传统的单相流回路相比, 冷凝相变释放的潜热相当大. 随着航天事业的不断发展, 高效的热控技术变得越来越重要. 目前, 营造微重力环境主要采用自由落塔和抛物飞行等方法, 但是其获得的微重力时间比较短且实验成本较高. 本研究采用离心力方法来模拟不同的重力条件, 结果表明由于重力的影响, 液体会在底部聚集, 导致管壁下部温度较低. 通过可视化分析也可以看到管内存在波状和螺旋状流态. 在重力条件改变时, 测得的温度普遍低于常重力条件下的温度. 传热恶化现象取决于工作条件. 蒸汽流速的增加会改善传热恶化, 但是改善程度有限, 测试段整体温度略微升高. 在低流量时, 测试段温度变化对重力条件更为敏感, 而在高流量时, 测试段温度变化对重力条件不敏感. 上述结论将有助于设计和优化传热设备.Abstract: Condensation is an important physical process in heat transfer equipment. Compared with the traditional single-phase flow loop, the latent heat released by the condensing phase change heat is quite large, so a very small amount of fluid flow can meet the thermal control requirements. With the continuous development of space industry, efficient thermal control technology becomes more and more important. Therefore, how to rationally use the two-phase transformation heat transfer technology must be seriously considered, and special attention must be paid to the influence of gravity on heat transfer. Traditional ground-based condensation techniques often rely on gravity to facilitate the discharge and flow of condensate, but in the weightless environment of space, these methods are no longer suitable. At present, methods such as free-fall tower drop and parabolic flight are mainly used to create microgravity environment. However, due to the short microgravity time obtained and the high cost of experiments, this study simulated different gravity conditions by centrifugal force method to study the influence of gravity, volume flow rate and tube diameter on the axial temperature change in horizontal tubes. Due to the influence of gravity conditions, the liquid will accumulate at the bottom, resulting in lower temperature of the tube wall. Through visual analysis, it can also be seen that there are wavy and spiral flow states in the tube. When gravity conditions change, the measured temperature is generally lower than that under normal gravity conditions. The deterioration of heat transfer depends on the operating conditions. The increase of steam flow rate will improve the deterioration of heat transfer, but the improvement is limited, and the overall temperature of the test section will be slightly increased. At low flow, test section temperature variations are more sensitive to gravitational conditions, while at high flow, test section temperature variations are insensitive to gravitational conditions. The above findings will help in the design and optimization of heat transfer equipment.
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Key words:
- Centrifugal force /
- Gravity /
- Condensation /
- Horizontal tube
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图 5 常重力下不同流量不同管径的上部温度分布
Figure 5. Upper temperature distribution of different flow rates and different pipe diameters under normal gravity
图 6 常重力下不同流量不同管径的下部温度分布
Figure 6. Lower temperature distribution of different flow rates and different pipe diameters under normal gravity
图 7 30 mL·min–1蒸汽流量不同重力条件下的管壁温度分布(管径12 mm)
Figure 7. Tube wall temperature distribution under different gravity conditions at 30 mL·min–1 flow rate (Tube diameter: 12 mm)
图 9 50 mL·min–1蒸汽流量不同重力条件下的管壁温度分布(管径12 mm)
Figure 9. Tube wall temperature distribution under different gravity conditions at 50 mL·min–1(Tube diameter: 12 mm)
图 10 30 mL·min–1蒸汽流量不同重力条件下的管壁温度分布 (管径10 mm)
Figure 10. Tube wall temperature distribution under different gravity conditions at 30 mL·min–1 (Tube diameter: 10 mm)
图 12 50 mL·min–1蒸汽流量不同重力条件下的管壁温度分布 (管径10 mm)
Figure 12. Tube wall temperature distribution under different gravity conditions at 50 mL·min–1 (Tube diameter: 10 mm)
图 13 不同重力条件下10 mm管内的温度分布
Figure 13. Temperature distribution under different gravity conditions in 10 mm diameter tube
图 14 不同重力条件下12 mm管内的温度分布
Figure 14. Temperature distribution under different gravity conditions in 12 mm diameter tube
图 8 40 mL·min–1蒸汽流量不同重力条件下的管壁温度分布(管径12 mm)
Figure 8. Tube wall temperature distribution under different gravity conditions at 40 mL·min–1(Tube diameter: 12 mm)
图 11 40 mL·min–1蒸汽流量不同重力条件下的管壁温度分布(管径10 mm)
Figure 11. Tube wall temperature distribution under different gravity conditions at 40 mL·min–1 (Tube diameter: 10 mm)
图 16 测试段不同转速下的压降(管径12 mm)
Figure 16. Test section pressure drop at different rotary speeds (Tube diameter: 12 mm)
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