近红外波段大气偏振态研究及实验验证
doi: 10.11728/cjss2025.01.2024-0063 cstr: 32142.14.cjss.2024-0063
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陈智兴 男, 2003年3月出生于福建省漳州市, 信息工程大学学员, 研究方向为全天时天文导航、图像处理等. E-mail: zxzxzzxx666@163.com -
李崇辉 男, 1987年2月出生, 博士学位, 现为信息工程大学副教授, 研究方向为自主导航与组合导航. E-mail: lichonghui6501@126.com
作者简介:
通讯作者:
Research and Experimental Verification of Atmospheric Polarization State in the Near-infrared Band
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摘要: 大气偏振态研究是开展偏振探测、偏振遥感、偏振成像等应用的前提和基础. 相较于可见光波段, 近红外波段大气偏振态研究相对滞后. 已有研究多以理论分析为主, 缺乏实验验证. 为此, 本文采用短波红外图像传感器、红外镜头、红外偏振片、红外滤光片等搭建了近红外波段大气偏振测量系统, 在晴朗天气条件下对全天空900～1700 nm近红外波段大气偏振态进行了测量. 结果表明, 在近红外波段大气呈现稳定偏振模式, 其中大气偏振角分布稳定性明显优于大气偏振度分布; 大气偏振模式与瑞利散射表征模型符合较好, 全天区83%的点位模型偏振角误差小于10°, 79%点位模型偏振度误差小于0.1, 依托瑞利散射表征模型可有效预测各方位大气偏振态. 此外, 全天区大气整体偏振度不高, 均值为0.13, 正午时段仅为0.1, 与以往文献理论推导和假设存在差异, 偏振滤光技术是否适用于白昼目标探测应结合具体应用深入研究.Abstract: The study of atmospheric polarization is the prerequisite and foundation for polarization detection, polarization remote sensing, polarization imaging and other applications. Compared with the visible wavelength, the research on atmospheric polarization state in the near-infrared wavelength is relatively lagging behind. The existing literature is dominated by theoretical analysis and lacks experimental verification. In this paper, a short-wave infrared image sensor, an infrared lens, an infrared polarizer, an infrared filter, etc. are used to build a near-infrared atmospheric polarization measurement system, and the polarization state of the atmosphere in the near-infrared band of 900～1700 nm is measured in the whole sky under the sunny weather conditions. The results show that the atmosphere shows stable polarization patterns in the near-infrared band, in which the stability of the atmospheric polarization angle distribution is obviously better than that of the atmospheric polarization degree distribution; the atmospheric polarization patterns are in good agreement with the Rayleigh scattering characterization model, with 83% of the points in the whole sky area having a polarization angle error of less than 10°, and 79% of the points having a polarization degree error of less than 0.1, which makes it possible to predict the atmospheric polarization states in various directions effectively by relying on the Rayleigh scattering characterization model. In addition, the overall polarization of the atmosphere in the whole daytime area is not high, with an average value of 0.13, and only 0.1 at noon, which is different from the theoretical derivation and assumption of the previous literature, and the applicability of polarization filtering technology to the detection of daytime targets should be investigated in depth in the context of specific applications.
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图 1 大气偏振表征模型坐标系
Figure 1. Coordinate system of atmospheric polarization characterization mode
图 4 各时间段全天区大气偏振度分布
Figure 4. Polarization degree distribution of the entire sky atmosphere at different time periods
图 5 各时间段全天区大气偏振角分布
Figure 5. Polarization angle distribution of the entire sky atmosphere at different time periods
图 6 全天各时段偏振度情况
Figure 6. Degree of polarization at different periods throughout the day
表 1 测量时段天气参数
Table 1. Weather parameters during measurement period
天气 日出时间 日中时间 日落时间 大气能见度 风速 晴朗无云 06:52 LT 12:37 LT 18:22 LT 9 km 西风三级 相对湿度 日间温度 AQI PM2.5 PM10 气压 31% 3～15℃ 73 (良) 37 μg·m–3 95 μg·m–3 1015 kPa 
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表 2 各测量组信息统计
Table 2. Information statistics of each measurement period
序号 时间(LT) 太阳高度角 太阳方位角 序号 时间(LT) 太阳高度角 太阳方位角 1 07:06－07:38 1°57′ ～8°12′ 99°50′ ～104°30′ 9 14:06－14:36 43°25′ ～39°52′ 210°49′ ～219°34′ 2 07:47－08:26 9°58′ ～17°31′ 105°51′ ～112°02′ 10 14:37－14:59 39°44′ ～38°02′ 219°51′ ～222°10′ 3 08:34－09:04 19°02′ ～24°34′ 113°23′ ～118°44′ 11 15:05－15:27 35°47′ ～32°21′ 227°05′ ～232°12′ 4 09:12－09:43 26°00′ ～31°19′ 120°15′ ～126°35′ 12 15:34－15:58 31°12′ ～27°06′ 233°44′ ～238°41′ 5 10:04－10:37 34°41′ ～39°26′ 131°20′ ～139°41′ 13 16:13－16:35 24°26′ ～20°24′ 241°34′ ～245°32′ 6 10:49－11:17 40°59′ ～44°06′ 143°01′ ～151°26′ 14 16:42－17:04 19°05′ ～14°54′ 246°44′ ～250°22′ 7 11:27－11:52 45°02′ ～46°54′ 154°40′ ～163°11′ 15 17:14－17:37 12°58′ ～8°27′ 251°58′ ～255°29′ 8 12:00－12:29 47°20′ ～48°15′ 166°02′ ～176°40′
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表 3 各时段全天区大气偏振角实测值
Table 3. Measured values of polarization angle at each period
序号 高度角/(°) 方位角/(°) 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 1 20 5 –5 –20 –67 39 13 1 –8 –23 –65 43 17 40 9 –9 –33 –78 60 26 4 –13 –39 –79 65 31 60 11 –13 –34 –84 75 32 7 –16 –41 –83 78 41 80 11 –14 –44 –80 75 38 10 –16 –48 –80 75 45 2 20 14 6 –5 –30 39 6 –3 –11 –26 –60 63 29 40 17 1 –21 –79 65 24 2 –14 –39 –73 75 43 60 18 –6 –31 –82 80 32 10 –15 –42 –82 86 52 80 24 –13 –30 –82 88 56 19 –14 –36 –90 86 52 3 20 25 16 9 0 0 –7 –13 –16 –30 –58 82 47 40 30 14 –4 –11 76 22 –2 –16 –37 –67 90 57 60 30 8 –18 –51 87 33 16 –15 –39 –70 90 61 80 31 0 –28 –69 89 44 24 –9 –29 –70 89 61 4 20 36 24 18 0 83 –20 –19 –19 –32 –56 –89 59 40 39 23 6 –25 90 16 –4 –21 –36 –63 –88 67 60 37 22 –10 –25 –83 9 19 –18 –31 –65 –90 73 80 33 18 –19 –51 –85 65 30 0 –27 –57 88 78 5 20 49 36 30 31 90 12 –29 –29 –38 –46 –75 84 40 54 31 22 14 0 11 –45 –23 –30 –55 –86 87 60 56 32 11 –17 –71 82 48 –14 –28 –50 –83 83 80 29 24 –9 –57 –85 88 35 15 –23 –22 –78 89 6 20 63 46 37 37 81 –78 –36 –29 –38 –46 –72 85 40 72 46 32 25 12 –39 –45 –24 –30 –52 –86 87 60 73 32 23 –55 –29 0 25 –3 –25 –29 –78 90 80 65 36 11 –20 –53 –89 34 21 –9 –29 –65 –89 7 20 78 56 45 41 48 25 –56 –34 –35 –50 –66 –86 40 80 56 33 30 –61 0 –31 –25 –30 –40 –71 –87 7 60 84 51 33 13 –13 0 –14 5 –20 –28 –61 –87 80 86 41 20 –19 4 –81 65 33 3 –27 –47 –85 8 20 84 65 51 43 47 74 –65 –43 –38 –47 –59 –77 40 90 70 46 36 32 90 0 –28 –29 –34 –59 –87 60 89 66 34 23 25 –31 90 11 –13 –30 –41 –84 80 89 60 34 7 –23 –53 84 45 19 –13 –33 –79 9 20 –68 –90 69 52 41 39 45 25 –25 –30 –33 –49 40 –72 –88 75 51 28 25 19 0 –27 –21 –31 –43 60 –63 –87 81 33 28 7 –25 –6 5 9 –23 –27 80 –25 –87 90 27 28 –25 –45 –79 65 32 0 –28 10 20 –58 –82 73 53 40 35 37 65 –25 –33 –28 –40 40 –60 –84 80 55 33 24 74 0 0 –13 –26 –36 60 –57 –87 81 48 31 11 –20 –15 7 20 –21 –26 80 –28 –89 90 25 28 –25 –25 –89 87 37 13 –21 11 20 –51 –76 77 53 39 31 31 34 23 –30 –26 –32 40 –52 –75 90 90 55 28 23 –16 0 –13 –18 –28 60 –47 –78 90 57 31 15 –16 20 81 28 –3 –25 80 –23 –89 89 37 27 –28 –27 –88 74 22 31 –23 12 20 –43 –65 83 55 37 28 24 20 –58 –25 –23 –25 40 –45 –74 90 59 38 23 5 57 90 11 –14 –23 60 –41 –75 90 64 31 22 –22 –65 83 37 14 –19 80 –27 –76 88 60 31 3 –27 –65 90 17 26 –18 13 20 –29 –54 –88 57 34 23 19 0 0 –14 –16 –16 40 –32 –58 –89 64 38 20 2 –25 –16 30 3 –15 60 –32 –61 –90 71 39 20 –27 –36 –84 29 29 –9 80 –26 –57 –90 73 30 9 –22 –53 –88 65 31 2 14 20 –21 –45 27 58 31 19 15 18 0 0 –7 –10 40 –23 –51 –86 67 38 17 0 –23 –88 25 19 –7 60 –24 –53 –90 80 40 16 –27 –24 –83 65 28 0 80 –22 –52 –90 77 37 13 –24 –36 –89 80 30 8 15 20 –13 –32 –69 60 27 14 6 0 0 0 3 –5 40 –16 –43 –78 69 36 14 –2 –25 –61 7 22 0 60 –17 –46 –87 80 42 13 –19 –25 –89 79 30 8 80 –15 –45 –88 85 45 14 –16 –36 –85 56 36 12
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表 4 全天各时段全天区大气偏振度实测值
Table 4. Measured values of polarization degree at each period of the whole day
序号 高度角/(°) 方位角/(°) 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 1 20 0.37 0.19 0.05 0.02 0.03 0.14 0.36 0.33 0.13 0.02 0.06 0.22 40 0.36 0.17 0.07 0.05 0.04 0.14 0.34 0.36 0.2 0.14 0.15 0.26 60 0.32 0.18 0.1 0.11 0.07 0.16 0.3 0.34 0.21 0.29 0.24 0.27 80 0.29 0.23 0.15 0.15 0.19 0.19 0.28 0.31 0.26 0.25 0.2 0.24 2 20 0.32 0.17 0.04 0.01 0.01 0.08 0.26 0.32 0.17 0.05 0.06 0.17 40 0.31 0.11 0.06 0.02 0.02 0.08 0.17 0.34 0.22 0.17 0.17 0.23 60 0.27 0.1 0.09 0.06 0.06 0.11 0.15 0.31 0.26 0.23 0.27 0.26 80 0.19 0.11 0.13 0.11 0.15 0.11 0.15 0.18 0.2 0.13 0.26 0.14 3 20 0.26 0.19 0.06 0 0 0.05 0.16 0.31 0.18 0.08 0.05 0.15 40 0.25 0.14 0.05 0.03 0.02 0.05 0.08 0.29 0.24 0.21 0.14 0.23 60 0.22 0.1 0.08 0.03 0.05 0.07 0.08 0.18 0.24 0.29 0.2 0.24 80 0.15 0.07 0.11 0.06 0.12 0.05 0.12 0.09 0.16 0.11 0.23 0.09 4 20 0.21 0.2 0.08 0.04 0 0.03 0.11 0.27 0.21 0.11 0.09 0.15 40 0.22 0.16 0.04 0.03 0 0.02 0.05 0.2 0.24 0.2 0.24 0.22 60 0.18 0.11 0.05 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.06 0.1 0.21 0.22 0.26 0.22 80 0.13 0.06 0.09 0.04 0.1 0.03 0.09 0.03 0.13 0.05 0.18 0.1 5 20 0.19 0.2 0.12 0.03 0 0.04 0.08 0.2 0.22 0.16 0.15 0.17 40 0.22 0.17 0.07 0.04 0.01 0 0.04 0.12 0.31 0.12 0.21 0.21 60 0.1 0.12 0.05 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.13 0.11 0.22 0.25 80 0.06 0.08 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.07 0.05 0.07 0.1 0.09 0.11 6 20 0.19 0.2 0.13 0.06 0.03 0.02 0.06 0.13 0.2 0.13 0.17 0.17 40 0.18 0.14 0.09 0.03 0.03 0 0.03 0.08 0.15 0.21 0.14 0.28 60 0.11 0.1 0.06 0.04 0.03 0.01 0.03 0.04 0.1 0.1 0.12 0.17 80 0.03 0.06 0.03 0.05 0.03 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.1 0.02 0.1 7 20 0.15 0.19 0.15 0.08 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.1 0.18 0.18 0.16 0.18 40 0.23 0.16 0.11 0.05 0.03 0 0.01 0.06 0.12 0.15 0.12 0.26 60 0.16 0.07 0.07 0.04 0.03 0 0.01 0.02 0.09 0.12 0.08 0.2 80 0.08 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.05 0.04 0.07 0.04 0.1 8 20 0.19 0.21 0.2 0.11 0.05 0.03 0.02 0.08 0.15 0.2 0.19 0.21 40 0.25 0.15 0.12 0.09 0.06 0 0 0.03 0.09 0.14 0.13 0.22 60 0.19 0.08 0.09 0.05 0.04 0.01 0 0.03 0.05 0.09 0.07 0.14 80 0.1 0.03 0.05 0.03 0.06 0.03 0.04 0.03 0.05 0.05 0.07 0.05 9 20 0.15 0.15 0.17 0.18 0.13 0.07 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.11 0.17 0.17 40 0.17 0.25 0.23 0.15 0.12 0.05 0.04 0 0.25 0.06 0.12 0.18 9 60 0.08 0.24 0.15 0.09 0.08 0.03 0.05 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.07 0.13 80 0.05 0.12 0.07 0.08 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.07 0.03 0.05 0.03 0.09 10 20 0.16 0.15 0.16 0.19 0.18 0.1 0.04 0.02 0.03 0.09 0.18 0.19 40 0.23 0.25 0.25 0.22 0.15 0.07 0.04 0 0.01 0.04 0.12 0.2 60 0.11 0.23 0.24 0.09 0.1 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.15 80 0.08 0.13 0.1 0.09 0.07 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.05 0.08 0.04 0.09 11 20 0.16 0.15 0.15 0.18 0.22 0.14 0.05 0.02 0.02 0.07 0.17 0.22 40 0.23 0.23 0.17 0.21 0.2 0.17 0.07 0.01 0 0.05 0.1 0.22 60 0.17 0.27 0.2 0.15 0.15 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.05 0.03 0.16 80 0.11 0.11 0.16 0.07 0.1 0.05 0.08 0.06 0.08 0.09 0.07 0.09 12 20 0.16 0.12 0.13 0.16 0.22 0.17 0.06 0.03 0.02 0.05 0.15 0.23 40 0.22 0.2 0.18 0.19 0.22 0.12 0.02 0.02 0 0.02 0.06 0.23 60 0.2 0.22 0.25 0.24 0.18 0.07 0.05 0.03 0.05 0.06 0.05 0.15 80 0.14 0.09 0.19 0.05 0.12 0.03 0.09 0.04 0.09 0.07 0.1 0.06 13 20 0.2 0.1 0.09 0.12 0.22 0.23 0.08 0.04 0 0.02 0.09 0.25 40 0.25 0.15 0.18 0.21 0.25 0.18 0.04 0.04 0.01 0.03 0.04 0.22 60 0.25 0.19 0.09 0.19 0.22 0.12 0.07 0.04 0.07 0.06 0.08 0.12 80 0.18 0.1 0.19 0.13 0.17 0.07 0.13 0.04 0.13 0.03 0.13 0.07 14 20 0.24 0.11 0.07 0.1 0.21 0.28 0.09 0.03 0 0.02 0.07 0.28 40 0.28 0.19 0.17 0.17 0.25 0.26 0.03 0.06 0.03 0.04 0.07 0.2 60 0.29 0.24 0.26 0.17 0.26 0.2 0.09 0.07 0.08 0.04 0.11 0.13 80 0.27 0.2 0.2 0.21 0.19 0.15 0.14 0.09 0.15 0.08 0.17 0.14 15 20 0.29 0.13 0.05 0.08 0.19 0.33 0.12 0.04 0 0.02 0.07 0.28 40 0.33 0.2 0.16 0.17 0.26 0.34 0.08 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.08 0.22 60 0.35 0.25 0.26 0.25 0.28 0.33 0.11 0.1 0.09 0.05 0.14 0.23 80 0.32 0.27 0.29 0.26 0.26 0.28 0.26 0.15 0.2 0.15 0.19 0.28
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表 5 07:06 LT－07:38 LT时段瑞利散射模型误差
Table 5. Error of Rayleigh scattering model during 07:06 LT－07:38 LT
高度角/(°) 方位角/(°) 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 20 $\psi $ 0.0 0.1 –0.2 –6.4 0.3 0.0 0.0 2.0 1.9 –0.1 2.1 3.4 P 0.0 –0.1 –0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 $\psi $ 1.6 0.0 –0.1 –6.2 0.0 0.2 0.2 2.7 0.0 –5.3 –0.1 3.5 P 0.0 –0.2 –0.1 0.0 –0.1 –0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 $\psi $ 2.9 –1.2 4.6 –5.5 –4.4 4.9 1.6 1.1 4.1 –7.2 –6.0 1.2 P –0.1 –0.2 –0.2 –0.1 –0.1 –0.1 –0.1 0.0 –0.1 0.0 0.0 –0.1 80 $\psi $ 3.5 0.0 0.3 –4.6 –1.2 4.6 2.6 0.6 –1.6 –3.9 –0.4 0.1 P –0.1 –0.1 –0.2 –0.2 –0.1 –0.1 –0.1 –0.1 –0.1 –0.1 –0.2 –0.1
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表 6 偏振度及偏振角的误差统计(%)
Table 6. Error statistics of polarization degree and polarization angle (%)
误差大小 序号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 平均 |$\psi $|<5° 88 73 83 73 50 67 54 65 60 60 50 67 75 56 65 66 |$\psi $|<10° 100 90 92 92 73 83 81 83 73 75 69 85 90 79 81 83 |$\psi $|<15° 100 94 98 96 81 88 88 92 81 83 73 92 92 90 90 89 |$\psi $|>15° 0 6 2 4 19 13 13 8 19 17 27 8 8 10 10 11 | P |<0.05 44 44 44 38 46 52 56 56 58 63 58 53 54 50 48 49 | P |<0.1 65 71 79 81 88 77 85 90 90 96 94 83 83 25 83 79 | P |<0.15 88 90 96 98 94 100 98 100 98 100 100 94 98 98 92 96 | P |>0.15 13 10 4 2 6 0 2 0 2 0 0 6 2 2 8 4
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