基于环路热虹吸管的浸没式液冷实验
doi: 10.11728/cjss2025.02.2024-0140 cstr: 32142.14.cjss.2024-0140
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王禹 男, 2000年生, 西安交通大学化学工程与技术学院硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为浸没式相变热管理. E-mail: wy314509@stu.xjtu.edu.cn -
张永海 男, 1986年生, 教授, 博士生导师, 国家级青年人才, 主要研究方向为功率器件热管理技术开发与理论研究. E-mail: zyh002@xjtu.edu.cn
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通讯作者:
Experimental of Submerged Liquid Cooling Based on Loop Thermosiphon
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摘要: 将环路热虹吸管与服务器散热相结合, 设计并加工出一种用于模拟服务器液冷的循环冷却系统. 以HFE-7100作为工质, 研究不同加热功率下服务器模拟热启动问题, 并探讨不同注液率、汽路绝热段长度(箱体与冷凝器的高度差)对循环系统传热特性的影响. 此外还对实验过程中汽路内的流动状态进行了分析. 研究结果表明, 在低加热功率下(90～120 W), 服务器箱体温度会出现先升高后降低随后逐渐平稳的现象, 而高加热功率下(≥150 W)则会出现箱体温度先快速升高然后缓慢升高随后逐渐平稳的现象. 热启动过程中的现象可以分为3个阶段. 第1阶段为过冷至蒸发, 第2阶段循环系统初步建立, 第3阶段系统循环完全建立. 其中第2阶段热启动箱体最高温度会随着加热功率的增加而逐渐降低, 系统达到稳定循环的时间会随着加热功率的增加而增加. 此外, 注液率从65%增加到85%时, 系统压差(箱体及储液箱内的压强差)提高34.7%, 但是冷凝器效率降低, 其出口过冷度会降低47.4%; 当汽路绝热段长度从40 cm增加到80 cm时, 系统压差提高26.6%, 冷凝器效率提升, 其出口过冷度提高120.6%.Abstract: This paper combines loop thermosiphon with server cooling to design and fabricate a circulating cooling system for simulating liquid cooling in servers. HFE-7100 was used as the working fluid to investigate the thermal startup issues of the servers under different heating powers and to explore the effects of varying liquid injection rates and the length of the adiabatic section in the vapor line (the height difference between the enclosure and the condenser) on the heat transfer characteristics of the circulation system. Additionally, the flow state within the vapor line during the experiment was analyzed. The research findings indicate that at low heating powers (90～120 W), the temperature of the simulated server enclosure firstly increases, then decreases, and eventually stabilizes. In contrast, at high heating powers (≥150 W), the enclosure temperature initially rises quickly, then increases slowly, and finally stabilizes. The phenomena observed during the thermal startup process can be divided into three stages: Stage 1 (from subcooled to evaporation), Stage 2 (initial establishment of the circulation system), and Stage 3 (full establishment of the system circulation). In Stage 3, the maximum temperature of the enclosure gradually decreases with increasing heating power, while the time required for the system to reach stable circulation increases with higher heating power. Furthermore, when the liquid injection rate is increased from 65% to 85%, the system pressure differential (the pressure difference between the enclosure and the liquid storage tank) increases by 34.7%, but the efficiency of the condenser is reduced, and the outlet supercooling degree will be reduced by 47.4%. When the length of the adiabatic section of the vapor line is increased from 40 cm to 80 cm, the system pressure differential increases by 26.6%, while the efficiency of the condenser improves, and the outlet supercooling degree is increased by 120.6%.
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图 2 不同加热功率下环路热虹吸管的热启动特性
Figure 2. Thermal starting characteristics of loop thermosiphon under different heating power
图 4 注液率和绝热段长度对压强的影响
Figure 4. Effect of injection rate and length of adiabatic section on pressure
图 5 85%注液率时不同加热功率下汽路内的流型转变
Figure 5. Change of flow pattern in steam path under different heating power at 85% injection rate
图 6 注液率对冷凝器出口过冷度的影响
Figure 6. Effect of liquid injection rate on the liquid subcooling at the condenser outlet
图 7 绝热段长度对冷凝器出口过冷度的影响
Figure 7. Effect of adiabatic section length on the liquid subcooling at the condenser outlet
表 1 实验装置尺寸
Table 1. Size of the experimental device
设备名称 尺寸 箱体 140 mm×120 mm×44.45 mm 储液箱 120 mm×120 mm×150 mm 管路 1000 mm×10 mm×6.5 mm 冷凝器 180 mm×160 mm×60 mm 
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表 2 HFE-7100物性参数
Table 2. Physical properties of HFE-7100
物性参数 HFE-7100 沸点/℃ 61 液体密度/(kg·m–3) 1372 比热容/(J·kg–1·K–1) 1094 表面张力/(mN·m–1) 10 蒸汽密度/(kg·m–3) 9.58 导热系数/(W·m–1·K–1) 0.062 汽化潜热/(kJ·kg–1) 111.6 动力黏度/(kg·m–1·s–1) 3.61×10–4
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表 3 实验设备性能参数
Table 3. Main performance parameters of the experimental equipment
设备名称 测量范围 误差 T型热电偶/℃ 0～500 ±0.5 NI测温模块/℃ 0～300 ±0.3 直流电源/V 0～350 ±0.5 压力传感器/kPa 0～250 ±0.25 NI测压模块/kPa 0～250 ±0.25 高速摄像机/(frame·s–1) 1000 0
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