基于中高层大气激光雷达的汤加火山灰探测
doi: 10.11728/cjss2025.03.2024-0046 cstr: 32142.14.cjss.2024-0046
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汪为 男, 博士, 毕业于中国科学院沈阳自动化研究所, 现为中国科学院精密测量科学与技术创新研究院博士后, 主要研究方向中高层大气探测激光雷达、原子分子光谱. E-mail: wangwei@apm.ac.cn -
林鑫 1987年出生, 博士, 高级工程师, 主要研究方向为激光雷达、原子分子光谱、激光光谱和原子滤光技术研究及应用. 主持和参与了多项国家级课题和科学工程工作, 发表论文10余篇, 获得发明专利20余项. E-mail: linxin@apm.ac.cn
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Detection of Tonga Volcanic Ash Using Middle and Upper Atmospheric Lidar
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摘要: 采用中高层大气激光雷达在武汉 (30.5°N, 114.3°E)上空对汤加火山灰进行探测, 分析汤加火山灰2022年3月至7月在武汉上空传播时的强度变化, 并对火山灰的埃指数进行了分析. 研究发现, 在2022年3月8日至2022年4月7日期间, 探测到的火山灰信号相对较弱, 从2022年4月10日开始, 激光雷达探测到的火山灰回波信号强度突然增强, 并且该信号在随后的几个月中持续稳定维持在海拔20～25 km之间. 这一现象表明, 火山灰的传播在这段时间内发生了明显变化, 可能与大气的流动特征密切相关. 通过对所探测的火山灰高度进行分析, 发现火山灰在平流层中的传播呈现不均匀的层状结构, 显示火山灰在不同高度和层次之间的分布差异, 为进一步研究火山灰在大气中的传播机制和对环境的影响提供了重要的依据. 此外, 根据所获得的激光雷达数据分析结果可知, 在2022年4－7月, 探测到的火山灰高度与火山灰颗粒尺寸的相关性较弱, 这表明火山灰颗粒的运动和沉降行为可能受到多种复杂因素的影响.Abstract: This study presents the first report of detecting Tonga volcanic ash over Wuhan (30.5°N, 114.3°E) using a middle and upper atmospheric lidar system. The research analyzes the intensity variations of Tonga volcanic ash as it spread over Wuhan from March to July 2022, and also examines the volcanic ash's Aerosol Index (AI). The findings reveal that from March 8 to 7 April 2022, the detected volcanic ash signals were relatively weak. However, starting on April 10, 2022, the lidar detected a sudden increase in the strength of the volcanic ash return signals, which remained consistently strong between altitudes of 20～25 km over the following months. This phenomenon suggests a significant change in the volcanic ash's propagation during this period, which may be closely related to atmospheric flow patterns. Further analysis of the detected volcanic ash heights revealed an uneven, layered structure in the stratosphere, indicating a distinct distribution of volcanic ash at different altitudes. This provides important insights into the mechanisms of volcanic ash propagation in the atmosphere and its environmental impact. Additionally, the lidar data analysis from April to July 2022 shows a weak correlation between the detected volcanic ash altitude and the particle size. This suggests that the movement and settling behavior of volcanic ash particles are likely influenced by various complex factors, rather than being governed solely by their size.
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Key words:
- Lidar /
- Tonga volcanic ash /
- Aerosol /
- Atmospheric observation
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图 3 2022年4月10日11:30 UT－12:30 UT期间获得的532 nm和589 nm激光束以30 km归一化后的回波信号 (分别用蓝线和黄线表示)
Figure 3. Echo signals of 532 nm and 589 nm normalized to 30 km obtained from 11:30 UT to 12:30 UT on 10 April 2022 (represented by blue lines and yellow lines respectively)
图 4 2022年4月10日11:00 UT至2022年4月12日00:00 UT获得的15～30 km异常回波信号强度分布
Figure 4. Echo signal intensity distribution map. Distribution map of abnormal echo signal intensity from 15 km to 30 km obtained from 10 April 11:00 UT to 12 April 00:00 UT in 2022
图 5 OMPS在2022年4月10－12日采集的气溶胶数据
Figure 5. Aerosol data collected by OMPS from 10 to 12 April 2022
图 6 不同时间海拔高度与回波信号强度的对数关系(时间分辨率60 min, 高度分辨率96 m)
Figure 6. Logarithmic relationship between altitude at different times and echo signal strength, with a time resolution of 60 min and an altitude resolution of 96 m
图 7 2022年4月10日12:00 UT－22:00 UT内探测的火山灰后向散射埃指数
Figure 7. Detected volcanic ash backscatter correlation Angstrom index from 12:00 UT to 22:00 UT on 10 April 2022
图 8 2022年4月10日至6月15日探测的气溶胶后向散射相关埃指数
Figure 8. Aerosol backscatter correlation angstrom index detected from 10 April to 15 June 2022
图 9 火山灰高度与后向散射埃指数的关系
Figure 9. Relationship between volcanic ash height and backscatter angstrom index
表 1 激光雷达系统各参量
Table 1. Key parameters of the system
Detection species Parameters Laser wavelength/nm 589 532 Laser energy/mJ 约30 约200 Beam divergence/mrad 约0.5 约0.5 Repetition rate/Hz 30 30 Telescope diameter/mm 约1000 约1000 Telescope focal length/ mm 2100 2100 Field of view/mrad 约1 约1 Detector Photon counts Photon counts filter bandwidth 4 pm 1 nm Time resolution /s 900 900 Range resolution/ m 96 96 
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