空间洗衣平台的设计、流场分析与上行资源代价评估
doi: 10.11728/cjss2025.03.2024-0058 cstr: 32142.14.cjss.2024-0058
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杨朝舒 男, 1989年3月出生于吉林省长春市, 现为中国航天员科研训练中心助理研究员, 研究方向为飞行器环境控制与生命保障工程. E-mail: yangzhaoshu@sina.cn -
李森 男, 1984年10月出生于河北省南宫市, 现为中国航天员科研训练中心副研究员, 主要研究方向为航天环境控制与生命保障总体技术、航天器热管理与通风技术等. E-mail: lisenmail@sohu.com
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Design, Flow Field Simulation and Launching Cost Evaluation of a Space Laundry Platform
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摘要: 针对在轨中长期驻留阶段航天员衣物洗涤的迫切需求, 以及地面传统洗衣技术无法适用于微重力环境的问题, 设计了一种基于雾化臭氧原理的空间洗衣平台. 该平台利用超声雾化阵列将液态水雾化浸润衣物, 通过紫外照射产生臭氧用于除菌; 采用有限元方法对微重力环境下液滴与衣物的附着情况、洗衣平台的内流场进行了仿真分析, 重点分析了在微重力和地面重力条件下液滴在洗衣腔体内分布的均匀性区别. 在此基础上, 根据相对湿度、臭氧浓度等指标确定了预雾化时间、内循环风扇流量等参数; 随后, 采用等效系统质量的方法对雾化臭氧洗衣平台的上行资源代价进行了评估, 该洗衣技术在轨运行一年的资源代价仅为商选洗衣技术的15.7%, 当在轨运行5年后, 相比于完全将衣物作为消耗品上行, 可节省61.9%的等效系统质量. 通过分析两种方法的收益平衡时间点可知, 对于任务周期超过5个月的空间站任务、周期超过2.5个月的深空探测任务, 发展在轨洗衣技术更具资源代价优势. 本文的工作有望为未来中国在轨洗衣技术的发展提供参考.Abstract: The urgent request for micro-gravity laundry technologies should be satisfied, especially for long-term on-orbit habitats for astronauts. However, the traditional, ground-based laundry techniques could not operate properly in microgravity environments. In this paper, a laundry platform based on atomization and ozone-sterilization technologies was proposed. The platform uses ultrasonic arrays to atomize liquid water and facilitate better immersion of clothing in microgravity environments; the ultraviolet lights were implemented to generate ozone for disinfection. Simulations based on finite element method were applied to study the changes in relative humidity and ozone concentration during the laundering process. Parameters studies were conducted and the pre-fogging time and ozone lamp configuration were determined. Subsequently, the resource cost of the proposed laundry platform was evaluated using the equivalent system mass method. It was found that the resource cost of running the platform for one year in orbit was only 15.7% of that of the commercial laundry technology. By using the on-orbit laundry platform and recycling the clothes, a total amount of 61.9% of the equivalent system mass could be saved compared to disposing all the clothes. Through the analysis of the benefit-balancing time of on-orbit laundry technology and the cost of transporting consumable clothes, it is shown that in future deep space exploration missions, developing on-orbit laundry technology is a more cost-effective option than transporting clothes as consumables, as long as the mission duration is longer than 2.5 months for space station missions, and 2.5 months for deep space exploration missions. The work of this paper could set a milestone for the development of the microgravity laundry platform for our country.
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图 1 在轨洗衣装置基本结构(a)和三维模型(b)
Figure 1. Structural scheme (a) and 3D model (b) of the proposed on-orbit laundry platform
图 2 雾化臭氧洗衣平台的基本工作过程及各模块的工作阶段
Figure 2. Workflow and duty circles for different modules of atomization and ozone laundry platform
图 3 液滴附着于衣物表面过程的两相流建模
Figure 3. Simulation model of the droplet attaching onto the clothes surface
图 4 不同接触角下液滴与衣物表面的附着情况
Figure 4. Attributing of droplet onto clothes surfaces with different contacting angle
图 6 洗衣平台仿真结果. (a)洗衣过程内循环流场仿真, (b)通风过程进/排气流场
Figure 6. Flow simulation results. (a) Cycling flow in laundry procedure, (b) in/outlet flow in ventilation procedure
图 7 预雾化过程中部分时间点的相对湿度云图
Figure 7. Relative humidity contour at different moment in pre-atomization procedure
图 8 预雾化过程中湿度随时间的变化
Figure 8. Time dependent relative humidity in pre-atomization procedure
图 9 重力条件下雾化液滴在内循环流场中的位置及不同高度下各粒径液滴的分布数量统计直方图(仿真时间为2 s)
Figure 9. Droplets distribution inside the laundry chamber and histogram of the droplet amounts with different diameters and in different height at microgravity (simulation time: 2 s)
图 10 微重力条件下雾化液滴在内循环流场中的位置及不同高度下各粒径液滴的分布数量统计直方图(仿真时间为2 s)
Figure 10. Droplets distribution inside the laundry chamber and histogram of the droplet amounts with different diameters and in different height at ground gravity (simulation time: 2 s)
图 11 不同臭氧灯数量下腔体内光功率密度分布
Figure 11. Optical power density inside the chamber with different number of ozone lamps
图 12 不同臭氧灯数量下腔体内臭氧浓度随时间变化
Figure 12. Ozone accumulation inside the chamber with different number of lamps
图 14 雾化臭氧洗衣方案与NASA在评估的微重力洗衣方案对比
Figure 14. Comparison of atomization and ozone laundry platform with other microgravity laundry plans
图 15 空间站任务中雾化洗衣平台各项技术指标优化对于收益平衡时间的影响
Figure 15. Influence of parametrical optimization for Tb in space station missions
图 16 深空探测任务中雾化洗衣平台各项技术指标优化对于收益平衡时间的影响
Figure 16. Influence of parametrical optimization for Tb in deep space explorations
表 1 液滴与衣物附着过程仿真参数
Table 1. Simulation parameters for droplet-adhesion process on fabric
Parameter Values Density of droplet, ρ/(kg·m–3) 1000 Dynamic viscosity of droplet, µ/(Pa·s) 1.01×10–3 Radius of droplet, r/µm 5 Level set function, ϕ 0, 1 Reinitialization velocity, γ/(m·s–1) 1 Interface thickness, ε/µm 1.4 
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表 2 不同类型资源代价的等效系统质量系数
Table 2. ESM from different types of resources
Equivalent system
mass factorsSpace station Moon landing and deep space exploration Volume, Veq /(kg·m–3) 67 67 Power consumption,
Peq /(kg·kW–1)476 136 Cool off, Ceq /(kg·kW–1) 324 65 Personnel operation,
CTeq /(kg·CM-h–1)0.8 0.6 Percentage of wastewater treatment losses/(%) 3.67 3.67 Equivalent mass of wastewater treatment/(kg·d–1) 12.9 12.9
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表 3 雾化臭氧洗衣平台基本参数
Table 3. Atomization and ozone laundry platform parameters
Parameters Value Weight of laundry platform/kg 12 Volume of the laundry platform/L 125 Power consumption for washing/washing time/(W·min–1) 1.3333 Power consumption for drying/drying time/(W·min–1) 8 Crew supporting time per week/h 0.5 Water consumption per wash/L 0.4 Washing quality per wash/kg 0.8
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