基于中频雷达天线贡献值参数的降噪新方法
doi: 10.11728/cjss2025.03.2024-0197 cstr: 32142.14.cjss.2024-0197
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邹展卓 男, 2000年出生于广东省韶关市, 广西民族大学电子信息学院硕士研究生, 研究方向为中频雷达信号处理理论. E-mail: 1084024616@qq.com -
王黎明 男, 1988年出生于广西壮族自治区南宁市, 广西民族大学电子信息学院讲师, 博士, 研究方向为中高层大气探测、MIMO雷达估计理论及雷达信号处理理论. E-mail: lwang@gxmzu.edu.cn
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New Denoising Method based on the Contribution Value Parameters of the Medium Frequency Radar Antenna
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摘要: 全相关分析法(Full Correlation Analysis, FCA)是常用的中频 (Medium Frequency Radar, MF)雷达风场反演算法, 但其对噪声较为敏感, 对噪声的有效处理可以帮助提升FCA方法在MF雷达风场反演中的准确性. 目前, MF雷达广泛采用的多项式拟合降噪法在不同噪声环境下的处理能力不一致, 导致MF雷达所能观测到的有效风场数据变少, 制约了MF雷达在MLT区域风场观测的应用前景. 因此, 寻找一类对噪声强度不敏感的降噪方法是提高MF雷达大气风场反演有效性的一条新思路. 本文首次将天线贡献值参数引入MF雷达, 提出了以天线贡献值参数为评价标准的MF-AH算法,对MF雷达接收信号生成的相关函数进行有效降噪处理. 将该算法与现有成熟雷达的多项式拟合方法相比, 通过模型数据和实测数据验证, MF-AH算法在低信噪比条件下将纬向风速和经向风速的误差降低了约 20%. 同时, 该算法摒弃了以噪声为核心评价指标的限制, 显著提升了风场数据的有效性和丰富性.Abstract: The wind field of the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere (MLT) is an important parameter for studying the dynamics of the middle and upper atmosphere. Medium Frequency Radar (MF Radar) is one of the important techniques for observing the atmospheric wind field in the MLT region. Full Correlation Analysis (FCA) is a commonly used inversion algorithm for MF radar wind fields, but it is highly sensitive to noise. Effective noise processing can significantly enhance the accuracy of the FCA method in MF radar wind field inversion. Currently, the polynomial fitting denoising method widely used in MF radar exhibits inconsistent performance in different noise environments, leading to a reduction in the amount of valid wind field data that MF radar can observe, which restricts its application prospects for wind field observation in the MLT region. To address this challenge, this study introduces the antenna contribution parameter into MF radar for the first time and proposes the MF-AH algorithm, which uses the antenna contribution parameter as the evaluation criterion to effectively reduce noise in the correlation functions generated from MF radar signals. Compared with the conventional polynomial fitting method, the MF-AH algorithm, validated by both simulation and experimental data, reduces zonal and meridional wind speed errors by approximately 20% under low Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) conditions. Moreover, the algorithm eliminates reliance on noise as the primary evaluation metric, significantly enhancing the effectiveness and richness of wind field data.
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图 4 不同SNR下的自相关函数. (a)和互相关函数(b)的相关性
Figure 4. Correlation of autocorrelation function. (a)and cross-correlation function (b)under different SNRS
图 5 不同SNR下MF-AH算法矫正过的自相关函数 (a) 和互相关函数 (b) 的相关性
Figure 5. Correlation of autocorrelation function (a) and cross-correlation function (b)corrected by MF-AH algorithm under different SNR
图 6 10000次蒙特卡罗实验下平均风速误差
Figure 6. Mean wind speed error for 10000 Monte Carlo experiments
图 7 不同SNR下两种算法的时间复杂度. (a) –5 dB 时间复杂度, (b) 10 dB 时间复杂度
Figure 7. The time complexity of two algorithms under different SNR. (a) –5 dB Time complexity, (b) 10 dB time complexity
图 9 实测数据下MF-AH 算法与雷达模块拟合算法的风速误差. (a)纬向风速误差, (b)经向风速误差
Figure 9. Wind speed error of MF-AH algorithm and radar module fitting algorithm under measured data. (a) Zonal wind speed error, (b) meridional wind speed error
表 1 散射体和标准大气设置
Table 1. Scatterers and standard atmosphere settings
模型参数 中频雷达 散射体的数量$N$ 1000 速度大小$ V $/ (m·s–1) 50 速度方向$ \theta $/(°) 15 方位敏感性$ {\theta _{\mathrm{s}}} $/(°) 10.4 
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表 2 雷达参数配置
Table 2. Radar parameter configuration
模型参数 中频雷达 雷达频率$ {f_{_0}} $ /(MHz) 2 雷达照射高度范围/(km) 70～90 雷达照射宽度范围/(km) –20～20 方位敏感性$ {\theta _s} $/(°) 10.4 采样时间$ \Delta t $/个 0.4 时间序列样本$ N $/(s) 256 总时序持续时间$ N\Delta t $/(°) 102.4 反射天线半波束宽度$ {\theta _t} $/(°) 15 发射波束指向角$ {\theta _a} $/(m) 0 距离门宽度${r_e}$/(m) 2000 接收线间的间距$ {d_{_{ij}}} $/(m) 200
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