天问二号任务目标小行星 (469219) Kamo‘oalewa的自转特征与表面热环境
doi: 10.11728/cjss2025.03.2025-yg04 cstr: 32142.14.cjss.2025-yg04
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应佳峻 男, 1999年11月出生于江苏省苏州市, 现为中国科学技术大学天文与空间科学学院(紫金山天文台)在读博士研究生. 主要研究方向为太阳系小天体物理特性研究. E-mail: jjying@pmo.ac.cn -
季江徽 男, 1973 年10 月出生于江苏如东. 中国科学院紫金山天文台研究员, 博士生导师. 主要研究方向为系外行星、原行星盘与太阳系小天体. E-mail: jijh@pmo.ac.cn
作者简介:
通讯作者:
Rotational Characteristics and Surface Thermal Environment of Asteroid (469219) Kamo‘oalewa: Target of the Tianwen-2 Mission
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摘要: 详细分析了近地小行星Kamo‘oalewa的轨道特征、自转参数以及与地球的相对运动, 通过对光变曲线的拟合, 初步确定了该小行星自转轴的指向 ($ \lambda =67. 9°\pm {3. 1}^{\circ },\;\beta =-46. 0°\pm {10. 6}^{\circ } $). 模拟未来天问二号空间任务对该小行星的探测过程, 得到了探测器在接近小行星过程中可能观测到的视星等级的变化情况. 利用先进热物理模型 (ATPM), 对Kamo‘oalewa的表面温度分布进行详细分析, 揭示该小行星在不同热惯量条件下的详细温度分布特征. 基于分析对未来深入研究该天体的路径进行了展望, 强调高分辨率探测设备及长期观测数据对提高小行星旋转特性和轨道参数精度的重要意义. 天问二号任务的顺利实施将为进一步揭示小行星的起源与演化历史提供宝贵的数据支撑.
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关键词:
- 近地小行星 /
- 469219 Kamo‘oalewa (2016 HO3) /
- 自转参数 /
- 数据分析
Abstract: This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the orbital characteristics, rotation parameters, and relative motion with Earth of the near-Earth asteroid 2016 HO3 (Kamo‘oalewa). Through fitting the asteroid observed light curve, we preliminarily determined the orientation of its rotation axis as $ \lambda =67. 9°\pm {3. 1}^{\circ },\;\beta =-46. 0°\pm {10. 6}^{\circ } $. By simulating the forthcoming Tianwen-2 space mission, we predicted changes in the apparent magnitude of the asteroid as observed by the spacecraft during its approach phase. Using the Advanced Thermophysical Model (ATPM), we performed a detailed analysis of the surface temperature distribution of asteroid 2016 HO3, revealing detailed temperature distribution features under varying thermal inertia conditions. Finally, this paper outlines future research directions, highlighting the significant potential for improved accuracy in determining the asteroid rotational parameters and orbital properties through higher-resolution observations and longer-term data accumulation. The successful implementation of the Tianwen-2 mission will provide crucial data, further advancing our understanding of the origins and evolutionary histories of asteroids. -
图 1 不同自转轴指向的光变曲线拟合图. 蓝色曲线代表的是不同自转轴指向先验下的光变曲线仿真
Figure 1. Fitting plots of light curves pointing to different axes of rotation. The blue curves represent the simulation of the optical curves with different axis of rotation pointing priors
图 3 加入椭球轴比 a/b 后的自转轴指向的概率密度
Figure 3. Probability density distribution of the rotation axis direction incorporating the ellipsoid axis ratio a/b
图 4 模拟探测器距离小行星 4.4×104 km拍摄的背景星图
Figure 4. Background star image obtained by the probe at a distance of 4.4×104 kilometres from the asteroid
图 5 探测器接近过程中小行星视星等变化趋势和范围
Figure 5. Variation trends and range of the asteroid’s apparent magnitude during the probe’s approach
图 6 小行星自转引起的相对视星等变化仿真
Figure 6. Simulation of relative apparent magnitude variations caused by asteroid rotation
图 8 Kamo‘oalewa不同自转轴指向的热物理特性拟合结果
Figure 8. Kamo‘oalewa fitting results of the thermophysical properties for different orientations of the spin axis
图 9 Kamo‘oalewa不同平均热惯量的表面温度分布. (a)～(c)是平均热惯量为$ 400\text{J}\cdot {\text{m}}^{-2}\cdot {\text{s}}^{-0.\mathrm{ }\mathrm{ }\mathrm{ }\mathrm{ }\mathrm{ }\mathrm{ }5}\cdot {\text{K}}^{-1} $时的温度分布, (d)～(f)是平均热惯量为$ 500\text{J}\cdot {\text{m}}^{-2}\cdot {\text{s}}^{-0.\mathrm{ }\mathrm{ }\mathrm{ }\mathrm{ }\mathrm{ }\mathrm{ }5}\cdot {\text{K}}^{-1} $时的温度分布
Figure 9. Kamo‘oalewa Surface temperature distribution plots for different mean thermal inertia. (a)～(c) are the temperature distributions at a mean thermal inertia of $ 400\text{J}\cdot {\text{m}}^{-2}\cdot {\text{s}}^{-0.5}\cdot {\text{K}}^{-1} $, and (d)～(f) are the temperature distributions at a mean thermal inertia of $ 500\text{J}\cdot {\text{m}}^{-2}\cdot {\text{s}}^{-0.\mathrm{ }\mathrm{ }\mathrm{ }\mathrm{ }\mathrm{ }\mathrm{ }5}\cdot {\text{K}}^{-1} $
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