基于多通道、高速率拼帧处理的卫星状态量处理监视系统设计与实现
doi: 10.11728/cjss2025.04.2024-0056 cstr: 32142.14.cjss.2024-0056
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蔡济济 男, 1988年12月出生于江西省南昌市, 现为中国科学院微小卫星创新研究院仿真与运控中心系统工程室主任, 副高级工程师, 主要研究方向为卫星地面遥测遥控处理研究、健康管理、大数据、任务规划与轨道预报等. E-mail: caijj@microsate.com
作者简介:
Design and Implementation of Satellite Status Processing and Monitoring System Based on Multi-channel High-rate Frame Processing
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摘要: 星地稳定的信道建立使得地面控制中心能够接收来自卫星的遥测数据、跟踪和控制信号, 以及科学和观测数据. 传统在轨卫星下行数据通道包括卫星遥测信道数据以及数传信道数据, 其中遥测信道数据指的是S波段遥测信道下行数据, 而数传信道数据则指的是数传数据工程参数. 基于数传信道数据的高速率、双通道以及多应用模式等特点, 设计了一种卫星状态量处理监视系统. 该系统不仅能够处理多通道数据, 还具备对高速率数传数据工程参数进行拼帧处理、解析、显示、查询、存储以及异常报警等功能. 该软件已成功应用于在轨卫星的任务运控系统, 满足对卫星型号平台和载荷的实时监视需求.Abstract: The stable establishment of space-ground communication channels enables the ground control center to receive telemetry data, tracking and control signals, as well as scientific and observational data from the satellite. Satellite telemetry data serves as an important basis for reflecting the working status of various subsystems and individual equipment on the satellite during its on-orbit operation and is also the basis for judging satellite faults, which are divided into real-time telemetry and delayed telemetry data. Real-time telemetry data are the telemetry data collected in real-time by the satellite, which can truly reflect the working status of the satellite; delayed telemetry data are compressed real-time telemetry data, where the time interval between adjacent sampling points during compression is long. The construction of the satellite status quantity processing monitoring platform aims to process and display the status data from the satellite downlink according to specific protocols through software systems, mainly including satellite data acquisition and processing, real-time monitoring and status analysis, anomaly detection and alarming, and satellite health management. Facing the traditional on-orbit satellite downlink data channels, which include satellite telemetry channel data and data transmission channel data, the telemetry channel data refers to the downlink data of the S-band telemetry channel, while the data transmission channel data refers to the engineering parameters of the data transmission. Considering the characteristics of the data transmission channel data, such as high rate, dual channels, and multiple application modes, a satellite status quantity processing monitoring system has been designed. This system is not only capable of processing multi-channel data but also performs framing processing, parsing, display, querying, storage, and exception alarming for high-speed data transmission engineering parameters. In addition, this software has been successfully applied to the mission operation control system of on-orbit satellites, meeting the real-time monitoring needs for satellite platform models and payloads.
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图 3 高速数传工程参数数据处理流程
Figure 3. Flow chart of high-speed digital transmission engineering parameter data processing
图 4 卫星状态量处理监视系统组成
Figure 4. Composition of satellite status processing and monitoring system
表 1 遥测帧结构 (单位: Byte)
Table 1. Telemetry frame structure (Unit: Byte)
帧同步码 帧主导头 帧副导头 帧数据域 帧差错控制域 4 6 40 972 2 4 6 1012 1012 2 
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表 2 帧主导头结构 (单位: bit)
Table 2. Telemetry frame master header structure (Unit: bit)
主信道识别 虚拟信道
识别符操作控制
域标识主信道帧
计数虚拟信道
帧计数帧数据域状态 版本号 航天器
识别符帧副导头
标识同步标识 包顺序
标识段长识别符 首包主导头
位置指针2 10 3 1 8 8 1 1 1 2 11
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表 3 帧副导头结构
Table 3. Telemetry frame sub-master header structure
帧副导头识别 帧副导头数据 帧副导头版本号 帧副导头长度 2 bit 6 bit 39 Byte
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表 4 数据传输帧格式 (单位: Byte)
Table 4. Data transmission frame format (Unit: Byte)
帧同步码 帧主导头 帧数据域 LDPC校验符号填充 4 6 886 128
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表 5 虚拟信道标识符设置
Table 5. Virtual channel identifier settings
信道内容 虚拟信道标识符 实时工程参数数据 011001 延时工程参数数据 100101 延时载荷科学数据 110010 填充数据 111111
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表 6 存储源包格式
Table 6. Storage source package format
同步码 包主导头 E-PDU数据域 版本号 包标识 包序控制 包数据长度 类型 副导头标志 应用过程标识符 分组标志 包序列计数 16 bit 3 bit 1 bit 1 bit 11 bit 2 bit 14 bit 16 bit 1952 bit 2 Byte 2 Byte 2 Byte 2 Byte 244 Byte
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表 7 工程遥测包格式 (单位: Byte)
Table 7. Engineering telemetry package format (Unit: Byte)
包头 数据长度 命令域 遥测源包域 校验和 包尾 2 2 2 长度可变 2 2
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表 8 VCM模式下的信息数据帧格式 (单位: Byte)
Table 8. Information data frame format in VCM (Unit: Byte)
帧同步码 帧主导头 帧数据域 4 6 886
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表 9 高速数传工程参数性能测试记录
Table 9. Performance test records of high-speed digital transmission engineering parameter
tcp 2021-08-24 10:40:33.233 第一帧数据帧接收时刻: 20210824 10:40:33.215 tcp 2021-08-24 10:40:33.215 接收到填充格式头帧 tcp 2021-08-24 10:40:33.197 接收到传输请求, 准备接收实时数传数据流, 文件名: KX10_S2_000005_20210824_MY111_RR.dat, 卫星代号: KX10 tcp 2021/08/24 10:40:33.172 第一帧数据帧接收时刻: 20210824 10:40:33.161 注 时刻为LT.
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