2023年西北地区临近空间火箭探测数据分析评估
doi: 10.11728/cjss2025.04.2024-0074 cstr: 32142.14.cjss.2024-0074
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何阳 男, 1996年生, 四川成都人, 北京航空气象研究所工程师, 主要研究方向为临近空间和电离层大气环境. E-mail: heyang12357@sina.com
作者简介:
Analysis and Evaluation of Data from Near Space Meteorological Rocket Detection over Northwest Area in 2023
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摘要: 气象火箭是一种获取临近空间大气环境垂直分布精细结构的重要原位探测手段, 其探测结果具有比地基和天基遥感探测更高的精度, 客观评估其数据质量是各部门有效使用该探测数据的重要前提. 利用2023年冬季在西北地区进行的一次气象火箭探测, 获取了20～60 km高度区间内的气温、风场、密度和气压数据, 对热敏电阻测得的温度进行了偏差修正, 并将探测结果与遥感探测、经验预报模式以及再分析资料等数据进行了比对评估. 结果表明: 火箭探测风场结果与再分析数据吻合得较好, 并且能够更加准确地描述对应区域的精细大气环境; 火箭实测气温偏差在40 km以上逐渐凸显, 主要偏差项为电流加热项、温度滞后项以及气动加热项, 修正后的气温与参考数据吻合性较好, 不同来源的气温数据主要差异是平流层顶气温拐点出现的高度不同; 气压和密度结果的偏差随着高度的上升而增加. 分析认为, 本次火箭的探测数据质量较好, 精度较高, 通过对数据的分析评估验证了大气要素反演数学模型有效可靠.Abstract: Meteorological rocket is an important in-situ detection method to obtain the fine structure of vertical distribution of atmospheric environment in near space, the detection results should have higher accuracy than ground-based or space-based remote sensing detection. Objective evaluation of the data quality is an important prerequisite for the effective use of the data. In this paper, the atmospheric temperature, wind field, density, and pressure in the altitude range of 20～60 km are obtained by using a meteorological sounding rocket launched in Qinghai in winter of 2023. The error correction of the temperature measured by thermistors is carried out. The detection results are compared with the data of remote sensing detection, empirical prediction model and reanalysis data. The results show that the rocket wind field results are in good agreement with the MERRA2 data, and the HWM empirical forecast model cannot accurately describe the atmospheric environment in the corresponding region. The measured temperature error of the rocket is gradually prominent when it is over 40 km, and the main error terms are current heating term, temperature hysteresis term and pneumatic heating term. The corrected temperature is in good agreement with the reference data, and the main difference of temperature data from different sources is that the height of the temperature inflection point in the stratosphere is different. The deviation of pressure and density results increases with altitude. The analysis believes that the quality of the rocket’s detection data is good and the accuracy is high. Through the analysis and evaluation of the data, the effectiveness and reliability of the mathematical model of atmospheric element inversion are verified.
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Key words:
- Near space /
- Meteorological rocket /
- Temperature correction /
- Multi-source data
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图 2 火箭发上升(红色)和下降(蓝色)过程的水平运动轨迹
Figure 2. Horizontal movement trajectory of the rocket during its ascent (red) and descent (blue) process
图 3 火箭下落过程中探空仪的速度–高度分布
Figure 3. Velocity-altitude distribution of the radiosonde during the rocket’s descent
图 4 火箭、HWM07和MERRA2数据风速风向的垂直分布
Figure 4. Vertical distribution of wind speed and direction in rocket, HWM07, and MERRA2 data
图 5 火箭和MERRA2数据纬向风、经向风的垂直分布以及速度分量之差
Figure 5. Vertical distribution of zonal and meridional winds from the rocket and MERRA2 data, and the difference between the two velocity components
图 6 温度修正前后的垂直分布及各修正子项
Figure 6. Vertical distribution of temperature before and after correction, and each correction sub-item
图 7 火箭、MERRA2、NRLMSISE-00、SABER数据的温度垂直分布以及温度偏差
Figure 7. Vertical distribution of temperature from rocket, MERRA2, NRLMSISE-00, and SABER, and the deviation between the rocket and the other three types of data
图 8 火箭和MERRA2, NRLMSISE-00, SABER数据的密度垂直分布以及密度偏差分布
Figure 8. Vertical distribution of density from rocket, MERRA2, NRLMSISE-00, and SABER, and the deviation between the rocket and the other three types of data
图 9 火箭和MERRA2, NRLMSISE-00, SABER数据的气压垂直分布以及气压偏差分布
Figure 9. Vertical distribution of pressure from rocket, MERRA2, NRLMSISE-00, and SABER, and the deviation between the rocket and the other three types of data
表 1 原始探测数据不同高度区间的获取率
Table 1. Acquisition rate of the original detection data in different height intervals
探测区段/km 60～50 50～40 40～30 30～20 数据获取率/(%) 99.5 99.6 99.6 99.6 
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