非常规重力条件下燃料电池和电解池实验研究进展
doi: 10.11728/cjss2025.05.2024-0157 cstr: 32142.14.cjss.2024-0157
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李自航 男, 2001年3月出生于河南省平顶山市, 现为北京工业大学动力工程及工程热物理专业硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为空间应用燃料电池, 质子交换膜燃料电池阴极介质切换. E-mail: Lizihang0306@sohu.com -
叶芳 女, 1973年出生于浙江省江山市, 北京工业大学机械与能源工程学院, 副教授, 硕士生导师, 主要研究方向为传热传质流动, 氢能与燃料电池电解池, 且在与重力相关的方向上形成特色. E-mail: yefang@bjut.edu.cn
作者简介:
通讯作者:
Experimental Research Progress on Fuel Cells and Electrolytic Cells under Unconventional Gravity
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摘要: 燃料电池与电解池可以为空间长期任务和宇航基地提供能源支持, 但是空间中不同的引力水平会对其性能造成影响, 因此开展非常规重力环境中的相关实验研究对于航天用燃料电池与电解池的研发及改进是必要的. 本文综述了非常规重力条件下燃料电池和电解池的实验研究. 分析及讨论表明, 重力水平的改变导致燃料电池与电解池内部气液两相流特性改变, 从而对性能造成不同的影响. 目前仍缺少燃料电池在超重力与长期微重力下的实验数据以及再生燃料电池的非常规重力实验数据. 非常规重力条件下的燃料电池和电解池实验不仅有助于促进流体物理与热物理学与电化学之间的学科交叉, 还将为空间再生燃料电池系统的研发提供数据依据.Abstract: Fuel cells and electrolytic cells can provide energy support for long-term missions and bases in space, but different gravitational levels in space affect their performance, so experimental studies in unconventional gravity environments are necessary for the development and improvement of fuel cells and electrolytic cells for spaceflight. The experimental studies of fuel cells and electrolytic cells in unconventional gravity conditions are reviewed. The analyses and discussions show that the change of gravity level leads to the change of gas-liquid two-phase flow characteristics inside the fuel cell and electrolytic cell, which affects the performance differently. There is still a lack of experimental data on fuel cells in hypergravity and long-term microgravity, as well as unconventional gravity experiments on regenerative fuel cells. Fuel cell and electrolysis cell experiments under unconventional gravity conditions will not only help to promote the intersection of fluid physics and thermophysics with electrochemistry, but will also provide a data basis for the development of regenerative fuel cell systems in space.
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Key words:
- Fuel cells /
- Electrolytic cells /
- Microgravity /
- Hyper gravity /
- Space power source
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表 1 非常规重力燃料电池实验研究总览
Table 1. Overview of experimental research on fuel cells under unconventional gravity
实验方法 重力水平 研究内容 发表时间 参考文献 国际空间站 μ g 微重力, MFC, 可行性实验 2007 [12] 北京落塔 <10–2 g, 3.6 s 微重力, DMFC, 两相流特征及电性能 2007 [30] 北京落塔 <10–2 g, 3.6 s 微重力, DMFC, 两相流特征及电性能 2008 [29] 北京落塔 <10–2 g, 3.6 s 微重力, DMFC, 电性能 2008 [31] 北京落塔 <10–2 g, 3.6 s 微重力, DMFC, 两相流特征 2008 [32] 北京落塔 <10–2 g, 3.6 s 微重力, DMFC, 不同放置条件 2009 [34] 北京落塔 <10–2 g, 3.6 s 微重力, PEMFC, 两相流特征及电性能 2009 [37] 北京落塔 <10–2 g, 3.6 s 微重力, DMFC, 甲醇进料流量及摩尔浓度 2010 [35] 北京落塔 <10–2 g, 3.6 s 微重力, 全被动 DMFC, 不同倾角 2013 [33] 北京落塔 <10–2 g, 3.6 s 微重力, PEMFC, 不同电流密度 2014 [40] 北京落塔 <10–2 g, 3.6 s 微重力, PEMFC, 不同流场配置 2016 [41] 北京落塔 <10–2 g, 3.6 s 微重力, PEMFC, 不同负载 2017 [39] 抛物线飞机 2×10–2 g, 30 s 微重力, DAAFC, 不同催化剂 2017 [42] 抛物线飞机 2×10–2 g, 20 s 微重力, DAAFC, 不同催化剂载体 2017 [43] 货运飞船 μ g 微重力, PEMFC, 新闻报导, 数据未见公开 2022 [13] 
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表 2 非常规重力电解池实验研究总览
Table 2. Overview of experimental research on electrolytic cells under unconventional gravity
研究方法 重力水平 研究内容 发表时间 参考文献 抛物线飞机 2×10–2 g, 20～25 s 微重力, 气泡特性(未发生合并), 电流密度 1993 [52] 神奈川落井 10–4 g, 10 s 微重力, 不同电压下气泡特性及电流密度变化 1998 [49] 离心机 1～190 g 超重力, 不同温度与重力水平下电势变化 2002 [68] 神奈川落井 10–5 g, 8 s 微重力, 不同电解质中的气泡特性 2003 [53] 神奈川落井 10–5 g, 8 s 微重力, 气泡运动特性; 提出特征参数 2006 [54] 神奈川落井 10–5 g, 8 s 微重力, 气泡膜厚度与欧姆电阻相关 2006 [51] 离心机 1～256 g 超重力, 氯电解反应 2008 [72] 神奈川落井 10–5 g, 8 s 微重力, 单气泡生长过程 2009 [55] 离心机 1～256 g 超重力, 超重力的影响机理; 析氢反应 2009 [70] 离心机 1～451 g 超重力, 不同重力水平与电流密度下的电压损失 2010 [71] 离心机 1～170 g 超重力, 旋转电池 2011 [75] 神奈川落井 10–5 g, 10 s 微重力, 静态排水与静态馈电 2013 [50] 抛物线飞机 10–2 g, 20 s 微重力, 两相电解过程 2013 [57] 抛物线飞机 10–2 g, 20 s 微重力, 碱性水电解; 气泡过电势 2014 [59] 抛物线飞机 10–5 g, 20 s 微重力, 单气泡生长规律; 电极表面湿润性的影响 2014 [63] 不来梅落塔 10–3 g, 3.6 s 微重力, 质子交换电解池; 气泡运动 2015 [58] 不来梅落塔 10–6 g, 9.3 s 微重力, 光电化学反应; 纳米结构电极 2018 [60] 离心机 1～271.6 g 超重力, 镍电极; 泡沫镍孔径 2018 [73] 不来梅落塔 10–6 g, 9.3 s 微重力, 半导体–电催化剂系统; 纳米结构 2019 [61] 离心机 1～84.5 g 超重力, 超重力场–电解液循环耦合 2021 [74] 抛物线飞机 10–2 g, 22 s 微重力, 氢气单气泡运动特征 2021 [56] 不来梅落塔 10–6 g, 9.2 s 微重力, 光化学电解; 电极表面沉积铑 2022 [64] 离心机 + 抛物线飞机 0～8 g 微重力、月球重力、火星重量以及超重力, 析氧电解效率 2022 [26]
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