高轨电磁频谱监测载荷应用及资源管控

孙正波; 周晓光; 义余江

doi:10.11728/cjss2025.06.2024-0096

高轨电磁频谱监测载荷应用及资源管控

doi: 10.11728/cjss2025.06.2024-0096 cstr: 32142.14.cjss.2024-0096

西南电子电信技术研究所　成都　610041

详细信息

作者简介:

孙正波　男, 1975年出生于山东省青岛市, 博士, 现在西南电子电信技术研究所正高级工程师、重点实验室主任、博士生导师, 主要研究方向为卫星系统设计应用、信号处理与定位技术. E-mail: szb_57@sina.com

周晓光　男, 1981年出生于云南省昭通市, 博士, 现为西南电子电信技术研究所高级工程师, 主要研究方向为信号处理、卫星载荷应用管理、卫星地面系统设计. E-mail: xguang.zhou@foxmail.com

中图分类号: V44, V474
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-07-30
- 修回日期: 2024-12-23
- 网络出版日期: 2025-12-03

Payload Application and Resource Management for GEO Satellite-based Electromagnetic Spectrum Monitoring

Southwest Electronics and Telecommunication Technology Research Institute, Chengdu, 610041

摘要

摘要: 电磁频谱监测是对电磁频谱这种重要战略资源进行分配、应用和管理的关键环节, 是政府无线电管理部门的一项重要任务. 电磁频谱监测的手段较多, 但多以地基为主, 存在较大的局限性. 基于天基平台的电磁频谱监测系统(Electromagnetic Spectrum Monitoring Systems)是广域电磁频谱监测的有效途径和研究热点, 相关产业随着航天、电子和信息等技术的发展逐渐规模化. 与低轨电磁频谱监测相比, 高轨电磁频谱监测具有任务响应速度快、数据接收处理时效性高、可全天时全天候连续监测等优点. 与高轨电磁频谱监测相关的公开报道很少. 本文从高轨电磁频谱监测的体制特点出发, 对载荷资源应用模式、载荷资源管控技术、应用系统等进行研究和针对性设计, 并提出需要进一步攻研的关键技术, 以期对该类卫星的设计和应用有一定指导意义.
- 电磁频谱监测 /
- 高轨卫星 /
- 载荷应用模式 /
- 载荷资源管控 /
- 任务规划
Abstract: The electromagnetic spectrum is a vital strategic resource. Electromagnetic spectrum monitoring is a crucial aspect of the allocation, utilization, and management of this resource, serving as a key responsibility of government radio regulatory authorities. Although multiple methods are employed for electromagnetic spectrum monitoring, the predominant reliance on ground-based systems introduces significant limitations.The satellite-based Electromagnetic Spectrum Monitoring (ESM) systems is an effective approach and a research hotspot for wide area surveillance. The space-based electromagnetic spectrum monitoring industry has gradually scaled up with the development of aerospace, electronic, and information technologies. Compared to Low Earth Orbiting (LEO) ESM, Geostationary Earth Orbiting (GEO) ESM has the advantages of fast task response speed, high timeliness of data reception and processing, and ability for long-time continuous surveillance. There is scarce pubilic reporting on GEO satellite-based ESM. Starting from the features of GEO satellite-based ESM, this paper, operation modes of payload resources, payload resource management and control technology, and application systems are studied. Besides, some key technologies deserving deep research are briefly described. It is hoped that this paper will provide some guidance for the design and application of such satellites.
- Spectrum monitoring /
- GEO satellite /
- Payload application mode /
- Payload resource management /
- Mission planning
注释:

1) 1US reconnaissance satellites: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/. Military Spacecraft – USA: http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/. Jonathan’s Space Report News: http://spaceref.com/

HTML全文

图 1 电磁频谱监测卫星信号接收

Figure 1. Satellite-based signal reception for electromagnetic spectrum monitoring

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图 2 多星协同定位原理

Figure 2. Satellite-satellite-collaborative location of interference sources

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图 3 星地联合时差定位原理

Figure 3. Satellite-ground-collaborative location based on TDOA

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图 4 需求统筹与任务生成流程

Figure 4. Requirements analysis and tasks generation

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图 5 任务动态集散式拆分合并

Figure 5. Dynamic splitting and uniting for task scheduling

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图 6 任务空间分布

Figure 6. Distribution of tasks

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图 7 任务规划收益率

Figure 7. Rate of profit for task scheduling

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图 8 任务规划完成情况

Figure 8. Completion of task scheduling

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表 1 两种规划流程的比较

Table 1. Comparison of two scheduling procedures

场景	特性	流程一	流程二
场景一	任务一次可完成的功能组合多, 同时拆分后子任务差异性小, 可合并性强, 待规划任务数量大	优化效果更好时效性差	优化效果其次时效性好
场景二	任务一次可完成的功能组合少, 同时拆分后子任务差异性大, 任务可合并性弱	优化效果相当
场景二		时效性差	时效性好
场景三	任务在功能上不能合并, 待规划任务数量大	优化效果相当
场景三		时效性很差	时效性很好

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表 2 低轨与高轨天基电磁频谱监测应用系统比较

Table 2. Comparison of LEO and GEO satellite-based ESM application systems

	低轨天基电磁频谱监测应用系统	高轨天基电磁频谱监测应用系统
测控站数量	为保证测控时效性, 通常需要多个	一个即可
接收站数量	为保证接收时效性和数据量, 通常需要多个	一个即可
地面站使用	卫星过境时间有限, 地面站可由不同卫星系统共用	通常由固定卫星独立占用, 一般不共用
地面站天线口径	相对较小	相对较大
任务规划时效性	要求相对较低	要求高
数据处理时效性	要求相对较低	要求高

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表 3 卫星初始轨道根数

Table 3. Orbital elements of satellites

	GEO	LEO
Semimajor axis/km	42164.9	7066.56
Eccentricity	0.0002965	0.0014698
Inclination/(°)	3.2155	97.9165
Argument of perigee/(°)	150.874	204.361
RAAN/(°)	27.9009	276.394
Mean anomaly/(°)	259.812	155.69

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