非对称空间外差干涉仪标定技术

朱光逸; 朱亚军; 王天才; 袁韦; 刘伟军; 徐寄遥

doi:10.11728/cjss2025.06.2024-0143

非对称空间外差干涉仪标定技术

doi: 10.11728/cjss2025.06.2024-0143 cstr: 32142.14.cjss.2024-0143

朱光逸^{1, 2,},
朱亚军^{1, 2, ,},
王天才^{1, 2},
袁韦¹,
刘伟军¹,
徐寄遥^{1, 2, ,}

1.
中国科学院国家空间科学中心太阳活动与空间天气全国重点实验室　北京　100190
2.
中国科学院大学　北京　100049

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFE0110200), 中国科学院稳定支持基础研究领域青年团队计划项目(YSBR-018), 国家自然科学基金项目(41831073, 42174196, 42174212), 中国子午工程项目, 太阳活动与空间天气全国重点实验室专项基金资助项目和中国科学院国际科技合作计划项目(183311KYSB20200003)共同资助

详细信息

作者简介:

朱光逸　男, 1995年11月出生于黑龙江省哈尔滨市, 中国科学院国家空间科学中心在读博士研究生, 主要研究方向为中高层大气风场探测与反演. E-mail: gyzhu@swl.ac.cn

通讯作者:

朱亚军　男, 1985年8月出生, 中国科学院国家空间科学中心研究员, 博士生导师, 主要研究方向为中高层大气动力学、光化学以及辐射等物理过程和机制、中高层大气地基和卫星探测数据的分析和反演算法, 以及被动光学遥感探测仪器的研发工作. E-mail: y.zhu@swl.ac.cn

徐寄遥　男, 1959年1月出生, 中国科学院国家空间科学中心研究员, 博士生导师, 国家杰出青年科学基金获得者, 主要研究方向为中高层大气光化学和动力学以及辐射过程, 中高层大气探测技术、信息处理以及分析方法, 空间物理学探测和实验方案的设计和研究. E-mail: jyxu@spaceweather.ac.cn

中图分类号: P356
计量
- 文章访问数: 350
- HTML全文浏览量: 47
- PDF下载量: 18
- 被引次数:
  0(来源:Crossref)
  
  0(来源:其他)
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-10-19
- 修回日期: 2024-12-23
- 网络出版日期: 2024-12-31

Calibration Techniques for Asymmetric Spatial Heterodyne Interferometers

ZHU Guangyi^{1, 2
,},
ZHU Yajun^{1, 2
, ,},
WANG Tiancai^{1, 2},
YUAN Wei¹,
LIU Weijun¹,
XU Jiyao^{1, 2
, ,}

1.
State Key Laboratory of Solar Activity and Space Weather, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190
2.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049

摘要

摘要: 中高层大气风场探测对于大气模型构建、卫星轨道预测、通信导航保障和空间天气灾害预测具有重要的科学和应用价值. 光学干涉仪获取气辉辐射的多普勒频移是大气风场遥感最重要的方法之一. 标定光学干涉仪的测风性能对于确保探测精确度有重要意义. 通过研究非对称空间外差干涉仪的测风原理, 提出测风敏感系数的概念, 为仪器标定提供理论依据. 设计并实施了两种典型的标定系统, 用以对非对称空间外差干涉仪进行测风标定实验. 结合标定过程与结果对这两种标定系统的不确定度以及适用性进行综合评估. 声光移频测风标定系统具有优于±1 m·s^–1的不确定度, 并且结构紧凑、易于集成, 可作为传递标准, 用于地面测风网络的内部校准, 反射转盘式测风标定系统具有广泛的光源适用性. 该结果可为测风光学干涉仪的实验室和常规现场标定提供参考.
- 非对称空间外差干涉仪 /
- 中高层大气风场 /
- 被动光学探测 /
- 标定技术
Abstract: The detection of wind in the middle and upper atmosphere has important scientific and practical value for the construction of atmospheric models, satellite orbit prediction, communication and navigation support, and space weather disaster prediction. The Doppler shift of airglow radiation obtained by optical interferometer is one of the most important methods for remote sensing of atmosphere wind. Ensuring the accuracy of these measurements necessitates the calibration of the wind measurement performance of optical interferometers. In this paper, we propose the concept of wind measurement sensitivity coefficient through studying the wind measurement principle of asymmetric spatial heterodyne interferometer, providing a solid theoretical foundation for instrument calibration. Two typical calibration systems are designed and implemented to calibrate an asymmetric spatial heterodyne interferometer. By examining both the calibration process and results, we conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the uncertainty and applicability of these two systems. The acousto-optic frequency shift calibration system boasts an uncertainty of less than ±1 m·s^–1, coupled with its compact design and ease of integration, making it an ideal transfer standard for internal calibration within ground wind measurement networks. On the other hand, the reflective wheel calibration system demonstrates wide applicability across various light sources. The findings presented in this paper can serve as a valuable reference for both laboratory and routine field calibration of wind-measuring optical interferometers.
- Asymmetric spatial heterodyne interferometers /
- Middle and upper atmosphere wind /
- Optical passive sounding /
- Calibration techniques

HTML全文

图 1 非对称空间外差干涉仪配置

Figure 1. Schematic of an asymmetric spatial heterodyne interferometer configuration

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 反射转盘式测风标定系统

Figure 2. Wind measurement calibration system of reflection wheel

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 多普勒风速模拟器原理. 反射转盘的正(a)侧(b)视图

Figure 3. Principle of the Doppler wind generator. Front view (a) and side view (b) of the reflection wheel

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 反射转盘式测风标定系统实验结果

Figure 4. Experimental results of wind measurement calibration system of reflective wheel

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 标定前后测量结果对比

Figure 5. Comparison of measurement results before and after calibration

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 声光移频式测风标定系统

Figure 6. Wind measurement calibration system of AOFS

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 光拍频法测定多普勒频移实验装置

Figure 7. Experimental setup for Doppler shift determination by light beat method

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 光拍频法测量结果

Figure 8. Measurement results of the light beat method

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 声光移频式测风标定系统实验结果

Figure 9. Experimental results of wind measurement calibration system of AOFS

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 10 标定前后测量结果对比

Figure 10. Comparison of measurement results before and after calibration

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 反射转盘式多普勒风速模拟器参数

Table 1. Parameters of Doppler wind generation system of reflection wheel

$ {{N}}_{{\mathrm{s}}} $	0～6000 r·min^–1
r	13.8 cm
$ \cos {{\gamma }}_{1} $	0.9629
$ \cos {{\gamma }}_{2} $	0.6691
$ {{v}}_{\rm{r}} $	0～119.6 m·s^–1

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 反射转盘式多普勒风速模拟器不确定度分析

Table 2. Uncertainty of Doppler wind generation system of reflection wheel

$ {{N}}_{\rm{s}}=4000\; $r·min^–1时不确定度来源	测量不确定度	$ {v} $_r = 79.76 m·s^–1时引起的速度不确定度/(m·s^–1)
$ {{N}}_{\rm{s}} $	±10 r·min^–1	±0.19
$ {r} $	±0.2 cm	±1.08
$ \cos {{\gamma }}_{1} $	±0.020	±1.55
$ \cos {{\gamma }}_{2} $	±0.036	±0.08
光源频率	±1 MHz	±0.63
$ {v} $_r的不确定度	–	±2.00

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 反射转盘式测风标定系统的精确度

Table 3. Precision of wind measurement calibration system of reflection wheel

反射转盘式测风标定系统	精确度/(m·s^–1)
Babcock^[17]	$\ll 1 $
Shen^[18]	2.92
Dötzer^[19]	2
Kuang^[20]	10.8
Wei等^[12]	≈ 3

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(20)

[1]	EMMERT J T. Thermospheric mass density: a review[J]. Advances in Space Research, 2015, 56(5): 773-824 doi: 10.1016/j.asr.2015.05.038
[2]	IMMEL T J, ENGLAND S L, MENDE S B, et al. The ionospheric connection explorer mission: mission goals and design[J]. Space Science Reviews, 2018, 214(1): 13 doi: 10.1007/s11214-017-0449-2
[3]	LIU Weining, BLANC M, WANG Chi, et al. Scientific challenges and instrumentation for the International Meridian Circle Program[J]. Science China Earth Sciences, 2021, 64(12): 2090-2097 (刘维宁, BLANC M, 王赤, 等. 国际子午圈计划的科学挑战和观测系统[J]. 中国科学: 地球科学, 2021, 51(12): 2056-2062 LIU Weining, BLANC M, WANG Chi, et al. Scientific challenges and instrumentation for the International Meridian Circle Program[J]. Science China Earth Sciences, 2021, 64(12): 2090-2097
[4]	DHADLY M, SASSI F, EMMERT J, et al. Neutral winds from mesosphere to thermosphere—past, present, and future outlook[J]. Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences, 2023, 9: 1050586 doi: 10.3389/fspas.2022.1050586
[5]	WANG Chi, WANG Yuming, TIAN Hui, et al. Strategic study for the development of space physics[J]. Chinese Journal of Space Science, 2023, 43(1): 9-42 (王赤, 汪毓明, 田晖, 等. 空间物理学科发展战略研究[J]. 空间科学学报, 2023, 43(1): 9-42 WANG Chi, WANG Yuming, TIAN Hui, et al. Strategic study for the development of space physics[J]. Chinese Journal of Space Science, 2023, 43(1): 9-42
[6]	SHEPHERD G G, THUILLIER G, GAULT W A, et al. WINDII, the wind imaging interferometer on the upper atmosphere research satellite[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 1993, 98(D6): 10725-10750 doi: 10.1029/93JD00227
[7]	KILLEEN T L, WU Q, SOLOMON S C, et al. TIMED Doppler interferometer: overview and recent results[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 2006, 111(A10): A10S01
[8]	MERIWETHER J W. Studies of thermospheric dynamics with a Fabry–Perot interferometer network: a review[J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 2006, 68(13): 1576-1589 doi: 10.1016/j.jastp.2005.11.014
[9]	ZHANG C M, WU Q M, MU T K. Influences of pyramid prism deflection on inversion of wind velocity and temperature in a novel static polarization wind imaging interferometer[J]. Applied Optics, 2011, 50(32): 6134-6139 doi: 10.1364/AO.50.006134
[10]	ENGLERT C R, HARLANDER J M, BROWN C M, et al. Michelson Interferometer for Global High-resolution Thermospheric Imaging (MIGHTI): instrument design and calibration[J]. Space Science Reviews, 2017, 212(1/2): 553-584
[11]	ENGLERT C R, HARLANDER J M, EMMERT J T, et al. Initial ground-based thermospheric wind measurements using Doppler Asymmetric Spatial Heterodyne spectroscopy (DASH)[J]. Optics Express, 2010, 18(26): 27416-27430 doi: 10.1364/OE.18.027416
[12]	WEI D K, GONG Q C, CHEN Q Y, et al. Modeling and correction of fringe patterns in Doppler asymmetric spatial heterodyne interferometry[J]. Applied Optics, 2022, 61(35): 10528-10537 doi: 10.1364/AO.473147
[13]	HARLANDER J M, ENGLERT C R. Laboratory demonstration of mini-MIGHTI: a prototype sensor for thermospheric red-line (630 nm) neutral wind measurements from a 6U CubeSat[J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 2020, 207: 105363 doi: 10.1016/j.jastp.2020.105363
[14]	ZHU G Y, ZHU Y J, KAUFMANN M, et al. An efficient calibration system of optical interferometer for measuring middle and upper atmospheric wind[J]. Remote Sensing, 2023, 15(7): 1898 doi: 10.3390/rs15071898
[15]	WEI D G. Development of an Optical Instrument for the Observation of Neutral Winds in Earth’s Upper Atmosphere[D]. Wuppertal: Bergische Universität Wuppertal, 2020
[16]	LIU J L, WEI D K, ZHU Y J, et al. Effective wind and temperature retrieval from Doppler asymmetric spatial heterodyne spectrometer interferograms[J]. Applied Optics, 2018, 57(30): 8829-8835 doi: 10.1364/AO.57.008829
[17]	BABCOCK D D. Development of a Space Flight Prototype Doppler Asymmetric Spatial Heterodyne (DASH) Spectrometer for the Measurement of Upper Atmospheric Winds[R]. Ohio: Air Force Research Laboratory, 2011
[18]	SHEN Jing. Doppler Asymmetric Spatial Heterodyne Technique for Wind Detection in the Upper Atmosphere[D]. Hefei: University of Science and Technology of China, 2017 (沈静. 中高层大气风场探测多普勒非对称空间外差技术研究[D]. 合肥: 中国科学技术大学, 2017 SHEN Jing. Doppler Asymmetric Spatial Heterodyne Technique for Wind Detection in the Upper Atmosphere[D]. Hefei: University of Science and Technology of China, 2017
[19]	DÖTZER F. Calibration of a Doppler Asymmetric Spatial Heterodyne Interferometer for Atmospheric Wind Measurements[D]. Freistaat Bayern: Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nuernberg, 2019
[20]	KUANG Yinli. Research on Radial Velocity Measurement Technology Based on Doppler Asymmetric Space Heterodyne Interferometer[D]. Chengdu: Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2020 (况银丽. 基于非对称空间外差干涉仪的多普勒测速技术研究[D]. 成都: 中国科学院大学(中国科学院光电技术研究所), 2020 KUANG Yinli. Research on Radial Velocity Measurement Technology Based on Doppler Asymmetric Space Heterodyne Interferometer[D]. Chengdu: Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2020