火星含水矿物高光谱遥感探测算法的原理、现状及展望
doi: 10.11728/cjss2025.06.2024-0173 cstr: 32142.14.cjss.2024-0173
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吴兴 男, 1993年11月出生于陕西省西安市, 现为中国科学院国家空间科学中心副研究员, 硕士生导师, 主要研究方向为火星高光谱遥感. E-mail: wuxing@nssc.ac.cn -
刘洋 男, 1984年1月出生于山东省泰安市, 现为中国科学院国家空间科学中心研究员, 博士生导师, 主要从事行星科学研究, 研究领域包括月球火星物质成分反演、火星宜居环境演化等. E-mail: yangliu@nssc.ac.cn
作者简介:
通讯作者:
Principles, Current Status and Prospects of Hydrated Minerals Detection on Mars with Hyperspectral Remote Sensing
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摘要: 火星是太阳系中与地球最为相似的类地行星, 因其潜在的宜居性成为深空探测的热点星球. 含水矿物是火星水岩相互作用的产物, 其对研究火星早期水环境、地质演化及宜居性具有重要意义. 高光谱遥感技术通过超高光谱分辨率, 为含水矿物的识别与丰度反演提供了重要工具. 然而火星含水矿物分布零散且丰度极低, 加之光谱混合与噪声影响, 目前探测主要依赖光谱参数法与目视解译, 难以满足海量高光谱数据的处理需求. 近年来, 机器学习在地球高光谱遥感技术中的迅猛发展为火星矿物探测提供了新思路, 但其在火星上的应用研究仍处于初步探索阶段. 本文从定性识别和定量反演两方面系统梳理了火星含水矿物高光谱探测的研究进展, 评估了各种方法的优缺点与适用性, 并结合当前瓶颈提出未来发展方向, 为火星含水矿物探测的发展提供参考.Abstract: Mars is the most Earth-like terrestrial planet in the solar system and a primary focus of deep space exploration. Hydrated minerals, formed through water-rock interactions, are crucial for understanding the planet’s ancient aqueous environments, geological changes, and capacity to support life. Their study offers vital insights into Mars’ climatic evolution and surface processes. Hyperspectral remote sensing, which collects detailed spectral data across hundreds of continuous bands, serves as a powerful tool for detecting and analyzing these minerals. Despite its advantages, hyperspectral detection on Mars faces significant challenges. The sparse distribution and low abundance of hydrated minerals, combined with spectral mixing and noise, diminish the clarity of diagnostic spectral features. Consequently, traditional methods primarily rely on spectral parameter mapping and visual interpretation, which are labor-intensive and struggle to process the vast hyperspectral datasets effectively. Recent advances in machine learning for terrestrial hyperspectral remote sensing offer innovative approaches to Martian mineral mapping, yet their application remains at an early stage. This review first introduces Mars orbital spectral datasets such as the Observatoire pour la Minéralogie, l’Eau, les Glaces et l’Activité (OMEGA) and the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM), and diagnostic spectral features of common hydrated minerals. The current state of Martian hydrated mineral detection is then explored, covering both qualitative identification and quantitative abundance retrieval methods. It evaluates the advantages and limitations of existing approaches and highlights key challenges, such as spectral variability and validation constraints. To advance this field, future work should focus on developing adaptable algorithms, integrating multi-source data, and establishing robust validation frameworks. These efforts will enhance the efficiency and reliability of mineral mapping, providing deeper insights into Mars’ aqueous history and its implications for planetary habitability.
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Key words:
- Mars /
- Hydrated minerals /
- Hyperspectral remote sensing /
- Mineral mapping
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图 1 火星轨道光谱数据空间分辨率与波段数(光谱分辨率)的关系. CRISM-M和CRISM-T分别代表多光谱模式和目标模式观测数据, MMS-M和MMS-H 分别代表多光谱模式和高光谱模式观测数据
Figure 1. Relationship between spatial and spectral resolution of Mars orbital spectral data. CRISM-M and CRISM-T represent target mode and multispectral mode, respectively; whereas MMS-M and MMS-H denote multispectral mode and hyperspectral mode, respectively
图 2 常见含水矿物的反射率光谱曲线(a)和去连续统光谱曲线(b)
Figure 2. Reflectance spectra (a) and Continuum-Removed (CR) spectra (b) of common hydrated minerals
图 3 常见含水矿物吸收特征随波长的变化. 矩形代表吸收特征, 绿色垂线表示吸收中心, 矩形颜色表示吸收深度, 矩形宽度代表吸收深度最大值一半对应的宽度. 黑色、蓝色、绿色、棕色和红色字体分别表示层状硅酸盐、硫酸盐、碳酸盐、其他水合硅酸盐和氢氧化物
Figure 3. Variations of absorption features for hydrated minerals with wavelength. Rectangles represent the absorption features, with the green vertical lines indicating the band center, the color of the rectangles representing the band depth, and the width representing the full width at half maximum. The black, blue, green, brown, and red fonts represent phyllosilicates, sulfates, carbonates, other hydrated silicates, and hydroxides, respectively
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