Detection of Weak Lensed Gravitational Waves in the Millihertz Band Using Extended LSTM Network
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摘要: 空间引力波探测任务预期将探测到具有统计显著性的引力波透镜事件群体,为宇宙学参数测量与基础物理检验开辟新的观测窗口。在毫赫兹频段,引力波波长可与典型透镜体的施瓦西半径相当,从而使波动光学效应在透镜化信号中占据重要地位。面对未来观测中大规模候选事件的快速筛选需求,传统匹配滤波与贝叶斯参数估计方法往往计算开销较高,难以直接满足高效预处理与快速分析的实际需求。本文提出一种基于扩展长短期记忆网络的透镜化引力波识别方法,通过对白化后的空间引力波探测器 TDI A 与 E 双通道频域数据进行序列建模,利用可扩展的矩阵记忆结构捕捉跨越整个毫赫兹频带的弱振幅衍射与干涉调制特征。实验结果表明,该方法在混合透镜数据集上的分类性能达到 AUC>0.99,并在低误报率工作区间相较基线 LSTM 模型表现出更高的检出能力。在点质量透镜与奇异等温球等典型透镜模型以及低信噪比条件下,模型性能均保持稳定,体现出良好的跨模型泛化能力与鲁棒性。由于推断阶段计算开销较低,该方法可作为未来空间引力波透镜候选事件搜索的高效预筛选工具,为后续精细参数估计与物理分析提供支持。Abstract: Space-based gravitational wave missions are expected to detect a statistically significant population of gravitational wave lensing events, offering new opportunities for cosmology and fundamental physics. In the millihertz band, the GW wavelength can be comparable to the Schwarzschild radius of the lens, giving rise to prominent wave-optics effects. To meet the need for rapid identification among large volumes of candidate events in future surveys, conventional matched filtering and Bayesian parameter estimation pipelines are often computationally expensive and thus less suited to fast pre-screening. In this work, we propose an extended long short-term memory (xLSTM)-based lensing feature extraction model. By processing whitened frequency-domain data from the A and E channels of space-borne detectors, the model leverages a matrix-memory structure to effectively capture diffraction-induced amplitude patterns across the millihertz band. Experiments on a mixed lensing dataset show that the proposed method achieves AUC > 0.99 and provides improved detection capability over baseline models in the low false positive rate regime. The performance remains stable under representative lens models, including the point-mass and the singular isothermal sphere lens, demonstrating good cross-model generalization; the method also retains an advantage at low signal-to-noise ratios. Owing to its low inference-time cost, this approach can serve as an efficient pre-screening tool for future searches for lensed GW candidates in space-based observations.
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