Abstract: With advances in laser, spectrometer, and holographic optical device technologies, laser spectroscopy techniques such as Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS), Raman Spectroscopy (RS), and Laser-Induced Fluorescence Spectroscopy (LIF) have become effective tools for the in-situ detection of inorganic/organic compounds in geological samples for planetary exploration. Combining these techniques enables a comprehensive analysis of the atomic, molecular, and structural information of target materials. Based on the principles of LIBS, RS, and LIF, this paper systematically compares the advantages and disadvantages of these technologies and summarizes the key parameters for for their individual and combined applications. Combined with the configuration of international planetary exploration payloads and the progress of laboratory equipment, the development trends and challenges faced by laser spectroscopic remote detection methods and their applications in planetary material composition analysis are discussed, which provides a reference for the design and application of remote laser spectroscopic detection systems for planetary material composition.