空间站高温柜材料实验过程中的传热分析
doi: 10.11728/cjss2026.02.2024-0175 cstr: 32142.14.cjss.2024-0175
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鲁鹏飞 男, 博士研究生, 1998年2月出生于河南省安阳市, 主要研究方向微重力科学实验技术、空间传热学. 参与空间站高温材料科学实验柜相关科学实验、高温柜热仿真实验, 高温柜样品盒实验数据采集与处理. E-mail: lupengfei20@mails.ucas.ac.cn -
于强 男, 研究员, 博士生导师, 主要研究方向空间科学实验技术. E-mail: yuqiang@nssc.ac.cn
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Heat Transfer Analysis of High Temperature Rack Material in Space Station
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摘要: 材料凝固过程中的温场对其最终的组织与性能有着重要影响. 由于空间与地面环境下热对流的不同, 其传热特性存在一定差异, 从而导致材料实验炉内温场分布也存在差异. 这使得在地面获得的控温参数无法直接应用到空间实验中, 进而对空间与地面材料实验条件的对等性造成影响. 为获得空间传热特征, 本文建立了空间站高温材料实验炉三维传热数值计算模型并进行合理简化, 对地面实验和空间实验进行了温场的仿真模拟, 得到样品盒温度分布, 分析了在空间微重力环境与地面重力环境下传热参数的变化, 得出与实验条件相似的传热规律. 研究结果可为基于高温柜材料实验炉地基实验结果预测其空间温场分布提供研究参考.Abstract: The temperature field during solidification has an important influence on the microstructure and properties of the material. Due to the difference of heat convection in space and ground environment, natural convection driven by gravity plays an important role in heat transfer in ground environment. However, in space, the microgravity environment almost eliminates the influence of gravity-dominated natural convection, which will lead to certain differences in the heat transfer characteristics between space and ground, resulting in differences in the temperature field distribution in the material experimental furnace. As a result, the temperature field obtained on the ground is different from that in space under the same temperature control conditions, thus affecting the equivalence of experimental conditions between space and ground materials. The heat transfer characteristics obtained from ground experiments cannot be directly applied to space experiments. This mismatch has a major impact on the space materials experiments. In order to obtain the heat transfer characteristics under microgravity conditions, a three-dimensional numerical model of heat transfer in the high temperature material experimental rack of the space station is established. In the modeling process, reasonable simplification is carried out according to the actual physical conditions, some minor heat transfer factors which have little influence on the overall temperature field are ignored. The temperature field simulation of the ground experiment and the space experiment was carried out respectively, and the temperature distribution of the sample box was obtained. The temperature obtained by simulation was compared with the measured temperature. Through comprehensive analysis of the changes of heat transfer parameters in the space microgravity environment and the normal gravity environment on the ground, the heat transfer law similar to the space condition was obtained. The research results provide a new way to predict the space temperature field distribution based on the ground experiment results of high temperature materials experiment rack and have important guiding significance for the future research of space materials.
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图 5 空间与地面环境下炉膛与样品盒温度分布
Figure 5. Temperature distribution of furnace and sample cartridge assembly in space and ground environment
图 8 样品盒与高温炉三维实验模型
Figure 8. Three-dimensional experimental model of sample box and high temperature furnace
表 1 地基实验与空间实验温度误差值 (单位: ℃ )
Table 1. Heat transfer parameters of ground experiment and space experiment (Unit: ℃)
热电偶编号 地基仿真值 地基真实值 地基差值 空间仿真值 空间真实值 空间差值 T1 827 826 1 880 879 1 T2 911 911 0 920 920 0 T3 752 753 –1 729 730 –1 T4 570 569 1 578 579 –1 T5 481 481 0 478 479 –1 
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表 2 地基实验与空间实验传热参数
Table 2. Heat transfer parameters of ground experiment and space experiment
材料 钛合金 氧化锆 氧化铝 地基实验 辐射率 0.6 0.78 0.45 热导率/(W·m–1·K–1) 10.8 9.8 25.9 空间实验 辐射率 0.683 0.82 0.487 热导率/(W·m–1·K–1) 12.83 11.4 29.75
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