电缆对感应式磁强计性能影响的仿真与试验
doi: 10.11728/cjss2026.02.2025-0037 cstr: 32142.14.cjss.2025-0037
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朱林杉 女, 2000年11月出生于河北省衡水市, 现为中国科学院国家空间科学中心工程师, 主要研究方向为空间磁场探测技术. E-mail: 17531860368@163.com -
周斌 男, 1979 年10月出生于辽宁沈阳, 中国科学院国家空间科学中心教授级正高级工程师, 博士生导师, 主要从事空间环境磁场、电场探测技术研究. E-mail: zhoubin@nssc.ac.cn
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Simulation and Experimental Study on the Influence of Cables on the Performance of Search Coil Magnetometers
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摘要: 针对感应式磁强计线圈与前置放大电路间长电缆信号传输带来的性能影响问题, 首次建立感应线圈–电缆–前置放大电路的电路等效模型, 通过仿真分析与试验验证揭示电缆长度对传感器噪声频率分布的影响规律. 理论分析表明, 电缆对传感器灵敏度影响有限, 高频段(>1 kHz)噪声水平会随着电缆长度的增加而显著提高. 在以10～1000 Hz频带宽度, 30 fT·Hz1/2 (1 kHz) 的噪声水平为目标的感应式磁强计样机基础上, 验证电缆长度变化时噪声的变化规律. 试验结果表明, 电缆长度由0 m增至30 m时, 噪声转折频点由7.5 kHz前移至2 kHz, 同时高频噪声(10 kHz)水平提升6倍. 研究发现, 电缆长度增加对感应式磁强计噪声影响较为显著, 具体表现为低频段噪声略有改善, 高频段噪声急剧恶化, 可以通过包含电缆参数的理论模型进行设计和预测. 本研究为空间探测感应式磁强计在长电缆应用场景下的工程实现提供了关键参数依据.Abstract: In response to the performance impact of long cable signal transmission between the search coil and the preamplifier circuit, this paper establishes for the first time a circuit equivalent model of Search Coil - Cable - Preamplifier Circuit. Through simulation analysis and experimental verification, the influence of cable length on the frequency distribution of sensor noise is revealed. Theoretical analysis indicates that cable length has limited impact on sensor sensitivity, but significantly increases the noise level in the high-frequency band (>1 kHz). Based on a prototype search coil magnetometer with a target specification of 10～1000 Hz bandwidth and 30 fT·Hz1/2 (1 kHz) noise, the variation law of noise with cable length is validated. Experimental results show that as the cable length increases from 3 m to 39 m, the noise corner frequency shifts forward from 7.5 kHz to 2 kHz, while the high-frequency noise at 10 kHz increases by a factor of six. The study finds that an increase in cable length has a significant impact on the noise of inductive magnetometers, specifically manifested as a slight improvement in low-frequency noise and a sharp deterioration in high-frequency noise. Although cable length has a notable effect on inductive magnetometers, its influence can be predicted and mitigated through theoretical modeling incorporating cable parameters. This research provides critical parameter basis for the engineering implementation of search coil magnetometers in space exploration scenarios requiring long-cable applications.
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图 3 加入跨阻抗前置放大电路后等效电路 (a) 与信号传递 (b)
Figure 3. Equivalent circuit diagram of search coil magnetometer based on transimpedance technology (a), and signal transfer (b)
图 10 不同电缆长度下频率响应对比
Figure 10. Comparison of frequency response under different cable lengths
图 11 等效噪声磁感应理论计算结果随电缆长度改变的变化
Figure 11. Theoretical calculation results of noise equivalent magnetic induction with changes in cable length
图 14 近零电缆下模拟值与试验值对比
Figure 14. Comparison chart of simulated and experimental values under near zero cable
表 1 感应式磁强计线圈参数表
Table 1. Search coil parameter table
线圈参数 取值 磁芯相对磁导率 82000 磁芯长度/mm 200 匝数 3000 电阻/Ω 57.13 电容/nF 2.96 电感/H 0.37 谐振频率/Hz 4811 
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