南北半球中纬度地区热层风场对2018年3月18日磁暴的响应特征
doi: 10.11728/cjss2026.02.2025-0039 cstr: 32142.14.cjss.2025-0039
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夏新淼 女, 2000年12月出生于四川省泸州市, 现为中国科学院国家空间中心太阳活动与空间天气全国重点实验室硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为中高层大气物理方向. E-mail: xiaxinmiao22@mails.ucas.ac.cn -
姜国英 女, 1979年4月出生于河北省邢台市, 现为中国科学院国家空间中心太阳活动与空间天气全国重点实验室副研究员, 硕士生导师, 主要研究方向为中高层大气动力学、热层–电离层耦合等. E-mail: gyjiang@swl.ac.cn
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Response of Thermospheric Winds at Mid-latitudes in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres to the Geomagnetic Storm on 18 March 2018
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摘要: 基于兴隆(XLON, 40.2°N, 117.6°E; 磁纬35°N)和南非Sutherland天文台(SAAO, 32.4°S, 20.8°E; 磁纬40.7°S)的地基Fabry-Perot干涉仪(FPI)观测数据, 结合热层–电离层–电动力学环流模型(TIEGCM), 系统分析了2018年3月18－19日磁暴事件期间南北半球中纬度地区热层风场的响应特征. 研究发现, 南半球热层风场对磁暴的响应较北半球更为显著. 在SAAO台站观测到显著的赤道向和西向风增强现象, 其中经向风最大速度达128.4 m·s–1(赤道向), 纬向风最大速度达 –165.6 m·s–1(西向). 与TIEGCM模拟结果的对比分析表明, 模型能够较好地再现观测数据的扰动趋势, 特别是在SAAO经向风和XLON纬向风的变化特征方面. 然而, 模型在风速定量预测方面仍存在一定偏差, 对SAAO东向纬向风存在低估现象, 而对XLON赤道向经向风则呈现高估趋势.Abstract: The responses of thermospheric winds at middle latitudes to the moderate geomagnetic storm of 18－19 March 2018, are examined using two ground-based Fabry-Perot Interferometer (FPI) observations from the Xinglong (XLON, 40.2°N, 117.6°E; magnetic latitude 35°N) and the Sutherland Astronomical Observatory (SAAO, 32.4°S, 20.8°E; magnetic latitude 40.7°S), combined with simulations from the Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIEGCM). The storm reached a maximum Kp index of 6, classifying it as a moderate storm. Ground-based FPI measurements provided high-resolution wind data at both stations, capturing the temporal evolution of zonal (east-west) and meridional (north-south) wind components. Meanwhile, the TIEGCM simulations offered a theoretical framework to interpret the observed disturbances and assess the model’s capability in reproducing storm-induced thermospheric dynamics. The results reveal that the response of thermospheric winds to the geomagnetic storm is more pronounced in the southern hemisphere than that in the northern hemisphere. Significant enhancements in equatorward and westward winds are observed at the SAAO station, with maximum meridional wind speeds reaching 128.4 m·s–1 (equatorward) and maximum zonal wind speeds reaching –165.6 m·s–1 (westward). Comparative analysis with TIEGCM simulations indicates that the model can reasonably reproduce the disturbance trends in observations, particularly in the variations of meridional winds at SAAO and zonal winds at XLON. The model successfully captured the transition from quiet-time wind patterns to storm-driven disturbances, including the shift toward westward and equatorward. However, certain quantitative discrepancies remain in the model's predictions: the model underestimates the eastward zonal winds at SAAO and overestimates the equatorward meridional winds at XLON. Future studies could consider using multiple ground-based stations and a variety of observations, such as temperature, density, chemical composition for the study. Furthermore, investigating the role of seasonal and local time effects in modulating hemispheric asymmetries could provide deeper insights into thermospheric storm responses. Overall, this study contributes to a better understanding of the storm impacts on thermospheric winds and hemispheric differences, as well as their potential physical causes.
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图 1 2018年3月18－19日行星际磁场By, Bz 分量及地磁指数Kp, Dst , AE 随时间的变化
Figure 1. Time variations of IMF By, Bz and geomagnetic indices Kp, Dst , AE during 18－19 March 2018
图 2 XLON 台站观测数据(方块)和TIEGCM模型数据(虚线)在热层风场纬向风和经向风随世界时和地方时的变化
Figure 2. Thermospheric zonal and meridional winds from XLON observation (squares) and TIEGCM simulation (dashed lines) as functions of UT and LT
图 3 SAAO台站观测数据(方块)和TIEGCM模型数据(虚线)在热层风场纬向风和经向风随世界时和地方时的变化
Figure 3. Thermospheric zonal and meridional winds from SAAO observation (squares) and TIEGCM simulation (dashed lines) as functions of UT and LT
图 4 TIEGCM模拟的2018年3月18日16:00 UT经向风全球分布
Figure 4. Global distribution of meridional wind at 16:00 UT on 18 March 2018 simulated by TIEGCM
图 6 TIEGCM模拟的2018年3月18日18:00 UT经向风全球分布
Figure 6. Global distribution of meridional wind at 18:00 UT on 18 March 2018 simulated by TIEGCM
图 5 TIEGCM模拟的2018年3月18日17:00 UT经向风全球分布
Figure 5. Global distribution of meridional wind at 17:00 UT on 18 March 2018 simulated by TIEGCM
表 1 XLON和 SAAO台站位置
Table 1. 1 Locations of XLON and SAAO stations
Station name Longitude /(°) Latitude/(°) XLON 117.6 E 40.2 N SAAO 20.8 E 32.4 S 
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