大尺度行进式热层与电离层扰动同步观测的事例对比
doi: 10.11728/cjss2026.02.2025-0069 cstr: 32142.14.cjss.2025-0069
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潘建宏 男, 1992年4月生, 现为乐山师范学院讲师, 主要从事电离层–热层耦合研究. E-mail: 727837553@qq.com -
蔡红涛 男, 1976年2月生, 教授, 博士生导师, 主要从事电离层与磁层物理、空间探测与信息处理技术方向的研究．E-mail: htcai@whu.edu.cn
作者简介:
通讯作者:
Case Comparative of Simultaneous Observations of Large-scale Traveling Thermospheric and Ionospheric Disturbances
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摘要: 为了对比热层–电离层中相伴传播的大尺度行进式大气层扰动与大尺度行进式电离层扰动的传播特征差异, 利用CHAMP卫星可以同时共体跨纬度观测大气质量密度和电子密度的优势, 研究了2002年3月19日一对远距离相伴传播的LSTAD与LSTID事件. 在当日04:00-06:00 UT期间, 伴随着AE指数的突然显著增强, CHAMP卫星随即在北半球观测到了相伴传播的LSTAD与LSTID. 在04:00 UT以后大约6 h内, 这些大气质量密度与电子密度的扰动一直向南传播, 穿过赤道并进入南半球, 最终在南半球耗散消失. 此外, 地面GNSS台链的观测结果也印证了卫星观测到的LSTID的真实存在. 经过对比分析表明, 由于电子运动受到洛伦兹力的高度控制, 而中性粒子不受洛伦兹力约束, 所以由同一源区激发且相伴传播的LSTAD与LSTID沿子午向的水平传播速度表现出明显差异, 导致在同一轨道上同一时刻同一位置二者的相位并不相同甚至差别明显.
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关键词:
- 大尺度行进式大气层扰动 /
- 大尺度行进式电离层扰动 /
- 传播特征 /
- 差异 /
- 同步观测
Abstract: To compare the propagation characteristics of Large-Scale Traveling Atmospheric Disturbances (LSTAD) and Large-Scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances (LSTID) that propagate in tandem in the thermosphere-ionosphere, this paper takes advantage of the CHAMP satellite’s ability to simultaneously observe atmospheric mass density and electron density across latitudes, studying a pair of LSTAD and LSTID events that propagated in tandem over long distances on 19 March 2002. Around 04:00-06:00 UT on 19 March, with a sudden and significant increase in the AE index, the CHAMP satellite observed the LSTAD and LSTID propagating in tandem in the Northern Hemisphere. Over the next approximately 6 h after 04:00 UT, these disturbances in atmospheric mass density and electron density propagated southward, crossed the equator, and entered the Southern Hemisphere, eventually dissipating there. On the other hand, the ground-based GNSS chain observations also confirmed the existence of the LSTID observed by the satellite. Through comparative analysis, it was found that due to the highly controlled movement of electrons by the Lorentz force while neutral particles are not constrained by it, the horizontal propagation speeds of LSTAD and LSTID along the meridian direction show significant differences. Therefore, at the same time and position on the same orbit, their phases are not the same and may even differ significantly. -
图 1 2002年3月19日Kp与Dst指数日变化情况
Figure 1. Diurnal variations of Kp and Dst index on 19 Mar. 2002
图 3 2002年3月19日CHAMP卫星观测到的晨侧大气与电子密度扰动 (黑色斜实线表示卫星轨道, 黑色虚线箭头表示LSTAD与LSTID的波峰和波谷沿纬度方向的传播路径)
Figure 3. CHAMP satellite observed morning-side perturbations in atmospheric and electron density on 19 March 2002 (The solid black diagonal line represents the satellite orbit, and the dashed black arrows indicate the propagation paths of the wave crests and troughs of LSTAD and LSTID along the latitudinal direction
图 2 2002年3月19日极光电集流指数日变化
Figure 2. Diurnal variations of Auroral Electrojet (AE) index on 19 Mar. 2002
图 4 2002年3月19日地面GNSS台链与G05卫星间的sTEC扰动 (a) 及相应台站穿刺点的经纬度变化 (b). 为避免重叠各站点sTEC扰动依次偏移了2 TECU. 黑色虚线连接各站点观测到的sTEC扰动的波峰与波谷
Figure 4. Slant TEC (sTEC) fluctuations between the ground GNSS network and satellite G05 (a), and latitude and longitude variations of the piercing points of the corresponding stations (b) on 19 March 2002. To avoid overlap, the sTEC perturbations at each station are sequentially offset by 2 TECU. Black dashed lines connect the peaks and valleys of sTEC perturbations observed at each station
图 5 2002年3月19日地面GNSS台链与G09卫星间的sTEC扰动 (a) 及相应台站穿刺点的经纬度变化 (b). 为避免重叠各站点sTEC扰动依次偏移了2 TECU. 黑色虚线连接各站点观测到的sTEC扰动的波峰与波谷
Figure 5. Slant TEC (sTEC) fluctuations between the ground GNSS network and satellite G09 (a), and latitude and longitude variations of the piercing points of the corresponding stations (b) on 19 March 2002. To avoid overlap, the sTEC perturbations at each station are sequentially offset by 2 TECU. Black dashed lines connect the peaks and valleys of sTEC perturbations observed at each station
表 1 GNSS地面台站的位置信息
Table 1. Locations of ground-based GNSS receivers
Site code Geographic latitude and longitude Shee 51.264°N, 0.44°E Hers 50.86°N, 0.33°E Chiz 46.13°N, 0.41°W Lliv 42.28°N, 1.58°E Bell 41.35°N, 1.24°E Vale 39.48°N, 0.34°W Alac 38.34°N, 0.48°W Alme 36.51°N, 2.27°W 
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