嫦娥七号低能离子与低能电子探头设计与地面定标
doi: 10.11728/cjss2026.02.2025-0095 cstr: 32142.14.cjss.2025-0095
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苏斌 男, 1992年出生, 博士, 现任中国科学院国家空间科学中心副研究员, 主要从事空间等离子体探测载荷研制与数据应用研究. E-mail: subin@nssc.ac.cn
作者简介:
Design and Ground Calibration of the Low-energy Ion Analyzer and Low-energy Electron Analyzer onboard the Chang’E-7 Mission
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摘要: 低能离子和低能电子探头作为嫦娥七号探测器着陆器月表环境探测系统的组成单机, 主要用于开展月表低能带电粒子就位探测, 为揭示太阳风与月表的相互作用与耦合机制, 研究月表空间环境微观结构的形成机理提供关键背景数据, 并为月球科研站的空间环境评估及保障提供科学支撑. 低能粒子和低能电子探头采用相同的传感器设计方案, 利用半球形静电分析器与非对称式静电偏转板实现对月表低能带电粒子的大视场和宽能量范围探测, 利用可变几何因子功能实现大通量动态范围. 采用地面标准等离子体束源对两台探头的性能进行了详细定标. 定标结果显示, 低能离子低能电子探头可实现0.001～30 keV能量范围的等离子体探测, 能量分辨率优于15%, 通量探测范围可覆盖7个数量级, 探测视场为90°×360°, 角度分辨率优于15°×22.5°, 所有技术指标均满足任务要求.Abstract: The Low-Energy Ion Analyzer (LEIA) and Low-Energy Electron Analyzer (LEEA), integral components of the Chang’E-7 (CE-7) lander’s lunar surface environment detection system, conduct in-situ measurements of low-energy charged particles (0.001～30 keV) to elucidate solar wind-regolith interaction mechanisms, investigate microstructure evolution in the lunar near-surface plasma environment, and support space-environment assessment for future lunar research stations. Employing identical hemispherical electrostatic analyzers with asymmetric electrostatic deflectors, both analyzers achieve wide-field detection (90° × 360° FOV), broad energy coverage, and voltage-controlled variable geometric factors. Ground calibration using standard plasma beam sources confirmed compliance with mission requirements: energy resolution <15% (ΔE/E), dynamic flux range spanning seven orders of magnitude, and angular resolution <15° × 22.5°, collectively enabling comprehensive characterization of lunar surface plasma phenomena.
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图 4 定标组织框架 (a) 与系统组成(b)
Figure 4. Flowchart for the calibration operation (a) and components of the calibration system (b)
图 5 低能离子探头在定标系统内部的位置及系统内部组成
Figure 5. Position of low-energy ion probe in calibration system and internal composition of the system
图 6 10 keV离子能谱(a)与离子静电分析器常数拟合(b)及离子能量分辨率拟合(c)曲线
Figure 6. Ion energy spectrum at 10 keV (a), ion analyzer constant fitting (b), andion energy resolution fitting (c)
图 8 偏转板0 V时3 keV离子俯仰角响应 (a)及离子偏转电极常数与俯仰角关系曲线 (b)
Figure 8. Ion elevation angle spectrum at 3 keV when both deflectors are grounded (a), and ion deflector factor and elevation relationship (b)
图 10 1.1 keV电子能谱曲线(a)与电子静电分析器常数拟合曲线(b)及电子能量分辨率拟合曲线(c)
Figure 10. Electron energy spectrum at 1.1 keV (a), electron analyzer constant fitting (b), and electron energy resolution fitting (c)
图 12 偏转板为0 V时1 keV电子俯仰角响应 (a) 及电子偏转电极常数与俯仰角关系曲线 (b)
Figure 12. Elevation angle spectrum at 1 keV when both deflectors are grounded (a), and electron deflector factor and elevation relationship (b)
表 1 低能离子与低能电子探头技术指标要求
Table 1. Technical parameter requirements of the low-energy ion analyzer and the low-energy electron analyzer
指标名称 指标要求 低能粒子能量范围 电子: 0.001～30 keV
离子: (含质子)0.001～30 keV低能粒子探头视场 360°(方位角)×90°(俯仰角)@0.001～30 keV 低能粒子通量动态范围 107 @0.001～30 keV 低能粒子角分辨率 方位角分辨率: ≤22.5°
俯仰角分辨率: ≤15.0°低能粒子能量分辨率 ≤15% @10 keV 
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表 2 低能离子与低能电子探头定标试验项目
Table 2. Calibration items of the low-energy ion analyzer and the low-energy electron analyzer
探头 定标试验项目 低能离子探头 静电分析器常数和能量分辨率 方位角视场范围和角度分辨率 俯仰角视场范围和角度分辨率 通量动态范围 低能电子探头 静电分析器常数和能量分辨率 方位角视场范围和角度分辨率 俯仰角视场范围和角度分辨率 通量动态范围定标
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表 3 低能离子与低能电子探头所有定标项目定标结果与指标要求的对比
Table 3. Comparison between calibration results of all calibration items and index requirements for low-energy ion and low-energy electron analyzer
指标名称 指标要求 定标结果 低能粒子能量范围 电子: 0.001～30 keV
离子: (含质子)0.001～30 keV电子: 0.63～31650 eV
离子(含质子): 0.65～32250 eV低能粒子探头视场 360°(方位角)×90°(俯仰角)@0.001～30 keV 电子: 360°(方位角)×90°(俯仰角)@0.63～31650 eV
离子: 360°(方位角)×90°(俯仰角)@0.65～32250 eV低能粒子通量动态范围 107@0.001～30 keV 电子: 2.78×107@0.63～31650 eV
离子: 3.94×107@0.65～32250 eV低能粒子角分辨率 方位角分辨率: ≤22.5°
俯仰角分辨率: ≤15.0°方位角分辨率: ≤22.5°
俯仰角分辨率: 电子≤5.92°, 离子≤5.23°低能粒子能量分辨率 ≤15%@10 keV 电子: 14.36%@1～30000 eV
离子: 14.11%@ 1～30000 eV
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