鹊桥二号中继星阵列中性原子成像仪定标方法
doi: 10.11728/cjss2026.02.2025-0112 cstr: 32142.14.cjss.2025-0112
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邵金发 男, 1996年10月出生于江西省九江市, 现为中国科学院国家空间科学中心特别研究助理, 主要研究方向为空间环境探测、空间能量中性粒子成像数据分析等. E-mail: shaojinfa9610@163.som -
余庆龙 男, 1983年9月出生于广东省高州市, 现为中国科学院国家空间科学中心正高级工程师, 主要研究方向为空间环境探测、空间粒子成像探测技术研究等. E-mail: yql04@nssc.ac.cn
作者简介:
通讯作者:
Study on the Calibration Method of the Grid-based Energetic Neutral Atom Imager Array (GENA) for the Queqiao-2 Relay Satellite Mission
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摘要: 鹊桥二号中继星阵列中性原子成像仪(GENA)是中国首台月基磁层中性原子全景遥感成像载荷, 旨在通过高时空分辨率观测数据为研究地球磁层亚暴注入触发机制、磁尾能量转化机制及地球磁暴的产生过程等提供科学数据支持. 该阵列中性原子成像仪创新地将飞行时间法与二维编码调制成像技术相结合, 实现了单粒子事件的精确探测及大尺度高分辨的磁层中性原子遥感成像. 鹊桥二号中继星阵列中性原子成像仪可用于测量4～200 keV H原子和8～250 keV O原子, 且能量分辨率优于1 keV@10 keV. 同时, 其仪器视场角大于20°×45°, 中性原子遥感图像分辨率优于0.5°. 为准确标定阵列中性原子成像仪的上述性能指标, 开展阵列中性原子成像仪定标方法研究. 通过加速器束流定标测试验证阵列中性原子成像仪对中性原子的种类鉴别及能量测量能力, 通过光学定标测试验证阵列中性原子成像仪视场覆盖范围及生成图像的分辨率. 定标测试结果表明, 阵列中性原子成像仪对H原子和O原子的测量能力可覆盖设计指标.Abstract: The Grid-Based Energetic Neutral Atom imager (GENA) onboard the Queqiao-2 Satellite is the first lunar-based magnetospheric Energetic Neutral Atom (ENA) panoramic remote sensing imaging payload. It aims to provide scientific data support for the study of the injection triggering mechanism of the Earth's magnetospheric substorm, the magnetotail energy conversion mechanism, and the generation process of the Earth's magnetic storm through high temporal and spatial resolution observation data. The GENA innovatively combines the time-of-flight method with the two-dimensional coded modulation imaging technology to achieve accurate detection of single-particle events and large-scale, high-resolution magnetospheric neutral atom remote sensing imaging. It can be used to measure 4～200 keV H atoms and 8～250 keV O atoms, and the energy resolution is better than 1 keV@10 keV. At the same time, its instrument field of view is greater than 20°×45°, and the resolution of ENA remote sensing images is better than 0.5°. To accurately calibrate the above performance indicators of the GENA, a study on the calibration method of the GENA was carried out. The accelerator beam calibration test verifies the GENA’s ability to identify the type of neutral atoms and measure their energy, and the optical calibration test verifies the GENA’s field of view coverage and image resolution. The calibration test results show that the GENA’s ability to measure H and O atoms can cover the design indicators.
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Key words:
- Energetic neutral atom /
- Calibration test /
- Calibration method /
- Queqiao-2
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图 2 阵列中性原子成像仪飞行时间测量系统结构
Figure 2. Structure of Time-of-flight (Tof) measurement system for the GENA
图 3 复旦大学多电荷态束流碰撞平台
Figure 3. Multi-charge state beam collision platform at Fudan university
图 5 GENA光学等效角分辨率测量状态
Figure 5. Measurement state of optical equivalent angular resolution for GENA
图 6 阵列中性原子成像仪视场测量相关平面
Figure 6. Relevant planes for field-of-view measurement of the GENA
图 7 H原子和O原子二次电子幅值统计分布[15]
Figure 7. Statistical distribution of secondary electron amplitude for H and O atoms
图 8 TDC采集数据与测量飞行时间的关系
Figure 8. Relationship between TDC acquisition data and measured Tof
图 9 H原子飞行时间与入射粒子能量的分布
Figure 9. Relationship between Tof and incident particle energy for H atom
图 10 H原子和O原子飞行时间与入射粒子能量分布[15]
Figure 10. Distribution of Tof versus incident particle energy for H and O atoms
表 1 阵列中性原子成像仪性能指标与定标试验项目对应关系
Table 1. Correspondence between performance indicators and calibration test items for GENA
仪器性能指标 定标试验项目 试验类型 中性原子种类鉴别能力 中性原子种类鉴别定标 中性原子束流定标 能量响应
(能量范围、能量分辨率)能量范围定标
能量分辨率定标中性原子束流定标 方向响应
(视场范围, 角分辨率)视场角定标
角分辨率定标光学等效定标 
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表 2 阵列中性原子成像仪原子种类鉴别定标记录
Table 2. Calibration record for species identification of GENA
H原子束流/keV 鉴别准确率/(%) O原子束流/keV 鉴别准确率/(%) 10 91.24 10 91.42 13 96.14 13 92.75 17 95.73 30 94.29 20 92.65 33 91.56 30 97.38 37 91.01 33 98.28 40 91.85 37 96.81 50 93.20 40 97.49 70 94.27 90 94.62 100 95.41
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表 3 阵列中性原子成像仪对不同种类及能量原子束流能量测试结果
Table 3. Energy measurement results of atomic beams with different species and energies for the GENA
H原子束流/keV 峰值能点/keV 飞行时间/ns O原子束流/keV 峰值能点/keV 飞行时间/ns 10 10.439 51.030 10 11.497 180.483 13 13.449 42.865 13 12.739 167.000 17 17.573 37.123 30 30.710 95.141 20 19.853 32.882 33 32.750 91.690 30 30.649 30.083 37 35.965 86.941 33 33.655 25.345 40 41.0847 80.699 37 36.682 24.240 50 50.022 72.421 40 39.064 23.261 70 69.688 60.598 90 90.389 52.831 100 99.653 50.205
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表 4 GENA视场角测量结果
Table 4. Field of view measurement results of GENA
探头 测量参数 测量结果 A探头 准直腔上下面(面1-1与面1-2)夹角 45.07° 准直腔左右面(面1-3与面1-4)的夹角 9.87° B探头 准直腔上下面(面2-1与面2-2)夹角 45.06° 准直腔左右面(面2-3与面2-4)的夹角 9.85° 单机全调制视场 19.72°×45.07° 单机半调制视场 29.04°×59.86°
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