单台站地磁Kpest指数数据集(2022－2024年)
doi: 10.11728/cjss2026.02.2025-0131 cstr: 32142.14.cjss.2025-0131
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王晶 女, 1978年12月出生于辽宁省抚顺市, 现为中国科学院国家空间科学中心副研究员, 主要研究方向为空间环境监测数据应用、空间环境指数建模等. E-mail: jwang@nssc.ac.cn -
钟秋珍 女, 1974年8月出生于河南省唐河县, 现为中国科学院国家空间科学中心研究员、硕士研究生导师, 主要研究方向为空间环境预报方法与模型. E-mail: zhongqz@nssc.ac.cn
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A Dataset of Geomagnetic Kpest Index from Individual Stations (2022－2024)
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摘要: 2011年中国科学院国家空间科学中心建立了中国科学院空间环境监测网, 地磁台站分别位于漠河、北京、廊坊、三亚、富克. 通过融合处理这5个地磁台站磁通门磁力仪H分量监测数据, 发展一种可以有效识别地磁规则日变化, 反映地磁扰动季节变化和地方时效应, 并且适合中国地磁台网分布特性的估算地磁指数Kpest. 本数据集包含2022－2024年5个地磁台站的地磁指数Kpest, 能够改变目前官方Kp指数发布延迟2周因而无法满足业务需求的现状, 为空间天气预报服务提供数据支撑.Abstract: The Kp index is a parameter designed to indicate the level of global geomagnetic disturbances originating from the interaction of the solar wind with the magnetosphere. The index is defined at 3-hour intervals and has 28 levels. Kp is a global version of the local K index, which was conceived by Bartels and is commonly used in scientific research of the solar-terrestrial relationship. The continuity of the index over 50 year makes it particularly valuable in studies of solar-cycle variations and other long-term effects on interplanetary and magnetospheric phenomena. For example, Kp has been used in studies of solar wind shock waves, the interplanetary magnetic field, plasma density variations in the magnetosphere, and magnetospheric ULF waves. In addition, the index is widely used as an input to magnetospheric/ionospheric models. For example, the plasmapause is modeled to move closer to the Earth with increasing Kp. The location of substorm injection is modeled to have a similar Kp dependence. The magnetic field model of Tsyganenko has an explicit Kp dependence, and the magnetotail becomes more stretched for higher Kp. These models are used both in scientific research and in monitoring and predicting space weather. In 2011, the National Space Science Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences established the Chinese Academy of Sciences Space Environment Monitoring Network, which included Mohe, Beijing, Langfang, Sanya, and Fuke stations. A geomagnetic Kpest index, which can effectively identify the day-to-day variation characteristics of the geomagnetic regular daily variation, reflect the seasonal and local time effects of geomagnetic disturbances, and is suitable for the distribution characteristics of China’s geomagnetic observatory network, has been developed through the integration and processing of the H-component monitoring data from fluxgate magnetometers at these five geomagnetic observatory stations. This dataset contains the geomagnetic Kpest indices for the five geomagnetic observatory stations from 2022 to 2024. It addresses the current situation where the official Kp index is released with a two-week delay, failing to meet operational requirements, and can provide data support for space weather forecasting services.
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Key words:
- Kpest index /
- Geomagnetic storm /
- Space weather /
- Fluxgate magnetometer
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图 2 2024年1月30－31日北京台站地磁H分量数据修正前后对比
Figure 2. Comparison of the data of the H component of the geomagnetic field in Beijing station before and after correction on 30－31 Jan. 2024
图 7 5个台站Kpest指数与官方Kp指数差值分布
Figure 7. Differences distribution between the Kpest indices of 5 stations and the official Kp index
图 8 2024年10月10－12日5个台站Kpest指数与官方Kp指数的对比
Figure 8. Comparison of the Kpest index of 5 stations with the official Kp index during 10－12 October 2024
表 1 中科网5个地磁台站位置信息
Table 1. Location information of 5 geomagnetic stations in the monitoring network
序号 台站名称 地理纬度/(°)N 地理经度/(°)E 地磁纬度/(°)N 地磁经度/(°)E 1 漠河 53.49 122.34 43.12 191.37 2 北京 40.30 116.19 29.76 186.85 3 廊坊 39.50 116.70 28.97 187.33 4 富克 19.50 109.10 8.94 180.66 5 三亚 18.44 108.97 7.89 180.54 
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表 2 K指数与地磁扰幅对照
Table 2. K index and geomagnetic disturbance amplitude comparison table
K 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 amin/nT 0 3 6 12 24 40 70 120 200 300
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表 3 Kpest指数数据记录格式
Table 3. Kpest index data recording format
列 参数 格式 值域 无效填充值 1 年、月、日、时 A10 － － 2 漠河台站K指数 I1 0～9 NaN 3 漠河台站Kpest指数 F3.1 0～9 NaN 4 北京台站K指数 I1 0～9 NaN 5 北京台站Kpest指数 F3.1 0～9 NaN 6 廊坊台站K指数 I1 0～9 NaN 7 廊坊台站Kpest指数 F3.1 0～9 NaN 8 三亚台站K指数 I1 0～9 NaN 9 三亚台站Kpest指数 F3.1 0～9 NaN 10 富克台站K指数 I1 0～9 NaN 11 富克台站Kpest指数 F3.1 0～9 NaN
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