内蒙古四子王站宇宙线μ子计数数据集(2023－2025年)
doi: 10.11728/cjss2026.02.2025-0133 cstr: 32142.14.cjss.2025-0133
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程永宏 男, 1977年9月出生于安徽省肥东县, 现为中国科学院国家空间科学中心副研究员, 主要研究方向为空间天气监测预报. E-mail: chengyh@nssc.ac.cn -
钟秋珍 女, 1974年8月出生于河南省唐河县, 现为中国科学院国家空间科学中心研究员、硕士研究生导师, 主要研究方向为空间环境预报方法与模型. E-mail: zhongqz@nssc.ac.cn
作者简介:
通讯作者:
Cosmic Ray Muon Count Dataset from Siziwang Station in Inner Mongolia (2023－2025)
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摘要: 内蒙古四子王站μ子望远镜的探测对象是到达地面的次级宇宙线μ子. 该μ子望远镜的48个探测单元产生的μ子信号, 经过放大、甄别、整形处理后, 被传送至FPGA逻辑电路进行方向符合计算, 产出原始μ子计数, 再经过气压修正计算, 形成15个方向的μ子计数校正值数据集, 时间分辨率为1 h. μ子望远镜探测数据可灵敏反映宇宙线的日变化、长期变化, 以及日冕物质抛射引发的福布斯下降短时扰动现象. 本数据集时间从2023年5月至2025年4月, 处于第25太阳活动周高年期间, 可为太阳爆发及其在行星际的扰动传播、地磁响应过程研究提供宝贵的数据资源, 同时可为空间天气预警提供数据支撑.Abstract: The Muon Telescope at Siziwang Station in Inner Mongolia is used to detect the secondary cosmic ray muons reaching the ground. The Muon Telescope began construction in November 2019, was completed in April 2023, and produced scientific data. The muon telescope consists of a scintillator observation stack, an electronics recorder, a monitoring platform, and a power supply. The scintillator observation stack is composed of 48 detector units, divided into upper and lower layers with 24 units in each layer, arranged in a 6×4 array. In each detector unit, the plastic scintillator has dimensions of 50 cm × 50 cm × 5 cm. The distance between the upper and lower layers is 89 cm. A 5cm-thick layer of lead bricks is laid between the upper and lower layers to filter out low-energy cosmic rays and low-energy particles in the surrounding environment. The detectors have a total area of 6 m2. Muon signals generated by the 48 detector units of the Muon Telescope are processed through front-end circuits for amplification, discrimination, and shaping, then sent to the FPGA logic circuit for directional coincidence calculation. This produces raw muon counts in 15 directions. After undergoing barometric correction calculation, a dataset of corrected muon counts in 15 directions is formed, with a temporal resolution of 1 hour. The count rate in the vertical direction is the highest, with the 1-hour count rate being around 600,000 counts and the relative statistical error approximately 0.13%. The muon data can sensitively reflect diurnal variations, long-term variations of cosmic rays, and short-term Forbush decrease perturbations induced by coronal mass ejections. Spanning from May 2023 to April 2025, this dataset covers the high-activity phase of the 25th solar activity cycle. It provides valuable data resources for research on solar eruptions, their interplanetary disturbance propagation, and geomagnetic response processes, while also supporting space weather early warning efforts.
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Key words:
- Cosmic rays /
- Siziwang Station /
- Muon Telescope /
- Muon counts /
- Forbush decrease
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图 1 μ子望远镜观测室(a)与闪烁体观测堆阵列(b)
Figure 1. Muon Telescope observation room (a) and scintillator observation stack (b)
图 4 μ子望远镜信号和数据处理流程
Figure 4. Signal and data processing pipeline for the Muon Telescope
图 5 原始µ子计数和气压 (a) 与 µ子计数校正值曲线 (b)
Figure 5. Raw muon count and atmospheric pressure curves (a) and corrected muon count curves (b)
图 7 µ子望远镜单个通道的沉积能谱
Figure 7. Deposited energy spectrum of a single channel of the Muon Telescope
图 8 北、南、东、西30°方向原始µ子计数与大气压强的关系
Figure 8. Relationship between original muon counts and atmospheric pressure in the 30° directions of north, south, east, and west
图 10 2024年5月四子王站(a)和Nagoya站(b)µ子望远镜垂直方向计数的变化幅度
Figure 10. Variation amplitude of vertical muon counts at Siziwang Station (a) and Nagoya Station (b) in May 2024
表 1 宇宙线µ子15个入射方向的角度与组合数
Table 1. Angles and combinations of 15 incident directions for cosmic ray muons
序号 上下层符合的组合单元 组合数 入射角度 1 U1L1,U2L2,U3L3,U4L4,U5L5,U6L6,U7L7,U8L8,U9L9,U10L10,U11L11,U12L12,U13L13,U14L14,
U15L15,U16L16,U17L17,U18L18,U19L19,U20L20,U21L21,U22L22,U23L23,U24L2424 V 2 U1L5,U2L6,U3L7,U4L8,U5L9,U6L10,U7L11,U8L12,U9L13,U10L14,U11L15,U12L16,
U13L17,U14L18,U15L19,U16L20,U17L21,U18L22,U19L23,U20L2420 30°N 3 U5L1,U6L2,U7L3,U8L4,U9L5,U10L6,U11L7,U12L8,U13L9,U14L10,U15L11,U16L12,
U17L13,U18L14,U19L15,U20L16,U21L17,U22L18,U23L19,U24L2020 30°S 4 U2L1,U3L2,U4L3,U6L5,U7L6,U8L7,U10L9,U11L10,U12L11,U14L13,U15L14,
U16L15, U18L17,U19L18,U20L19,U22L21,U23L22,U24L2318 30°E 5 U1L2,U2L3,U3L4,U5L6,U6L7,U7L8,U9L10,U10L11,U11L12,U13L14,U14L15,
U15L16,U17L18,U18L19,U19L20,U21L22,U22L23,U23L2418 30°W 6 U2L5,U3L6,U4L7,U6L9,U7L10,U8L11,U10L13,U11L14,U12L15,U14L17,U15L18,U16L19,
U18L21,U19L22,U20L2315 39°NE 7 U6L1,U7L2,U8L3,U10L5,U11L6,U12L7,U14L9,U15L10,U16L11,U18L13,U19L14,U20L15,
U22L17,U23L18,U24L1915 39°SE 8 U1L6,U2L7,U3L8,U5L10,U6L11,U7L12,U9L14,U10L15,U11L16,U13L18,U14L19,U15L20,
U17L22,U18L23,U19L2415 39°NW 9 U5L2,U6L3,U7L4,U9L6,U10L7,U11L8,U13L10,U14L11,U15L12,U17L14,U18L15,U19L16,
U21L18,U22L19,U23L2015 39°SW 10 U1L9,U2L10,U3L11,U4L12,U5L13,U6L14,U7L15,U8L16,U9L17,U10L18,U11L19,U12L20,
U13L21,U14L22,U15L23,U16L2416 49°N 11 U9L1,U10L2,U11L3,U12L4,U13L5,U14L6,U15L7,U16L8,U17L9,U18L10,U19L11,U20L12,
U21L13,U22L14,U23L15,U24L1616 49°S 12 U3L1,U4L2,U7L5,U8L6,U11L9,U12L10,U15L13,U16L14,U19L17,U20L18,U23L21,U24L22 12 49°E 13 U1L3,U2L4,U5L7,U6L8,U9L11,U10L12,U13L15,U14L16,U17L19,U18L20,U21L23,U22L24 12 49°W 14 U1L11,U2L12,U5L15,U6L16,U9L19,U10L20,U13L23,U14L24 8 52°NW 15 U11L1,U12L2,U15L5,U16L6,U19L9,U20L10,U23L13,U24L14 8 52°SE 
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表 2 数据样本各列参数的格式描述
Table 2. Format description of parameters for each column in data samples
列 参数名称 描述 格式 单位 值域 无效填充 1 Year 年 I4 － 2023－2025 － 2 Mon 月 I2 － 1～12 － 3 Day 日 I2 － 1～31 － 4 Hour 时 I2 － 0～23 － 5 V 垂直方向µ子计数校正值 I6 counts 500000～700000 –99999 6 N1 北向30°µ子计数校正值 I6 counts 150000～300000 –99999 7 S1 南向30°µ子计数校正值 I6 counts 150000～300000 –99999 8 E1 东向30°µ子计数校正值 I6 counts 150000～300000 –99999 9 W1 西向30°µ子计数校正值 I6 counts 150000～300000 –99999 10 NE1 东北39°µ子计数校正值 I6 counts 50000～150000 –99999 11 SE1 东南39°µ子计数校正值 I6 counts 50000～150000 –99999 12 NW1 西北39°µ子计数校正值 I6 counts 50000～150000 –99999 13 SW1 西南39°µ子计数校正值 I6 counts 50000～150000 –99999 14 N2 北向49°µ子计数校正值 I6 counts 10000～100000 –99999 15 S2 南向49°µ子计数校正值 I6 counts 10000～100000 –99999 16 E2 东向49°µ子计数校正值 I6 counts 10000～100000 –99999 17 W2 西向49°µ子计数校正值 I6 counts 10000～100000 –99999 18 NW2 西北52°µ子计数校正值 I6 counts 2000～20000 –99999 19 SE2 东南52°µ子计数校正值 I6 counts 2000～20000 –99999
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表 3 15个方向µ子计数的相对统计误差
Table 3. Relative statistical errors of muon counts in 15 directional angular bins
探测方向 µ子计数/h–1 相对误差/(%) 垂直方向V 621358 0.12 北向30°N1 245266 0.20 南向30°S1 242668 0.20 东向30°E1 225757 0.21 西向30°W1 226683 0.21 东北39°NE1 101791 0.31 东南39°SE1 100539 0.31 西北39°NW1 101795 0.31 西南39°SW1 101255 0.31 北向49°N2 42541 0.48 南向49°S2 41701 0.49 东向49°E2 33800 0.54 西向49°W2 34126 0.54 西北52°NW2 8794 1.06 东南52°SE2 8633 1.07
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表 4 15个方向原始µ子计数与大气压强的线性相关系数
Table 4. Linear correlation coefficients between original muon counts in 15 directions and atmospheric pressure
方向 V N1 S1 E1 W1 NE1 SE1 NW1 SW1 N2 S2 E2 W2 NW2 SE2 相关系数 –0.93 –0.95 –0.93 –0.94 –0.95 –0.95 –0.93 –0.96 –0.94 –0.98 –0.97 –0.97 –0.97 –0.98 –0.98
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