面向空间应用的10 THz焦平面成像系统冷光学设计
doi: 10.11728/cjss2026.03.2025-0088 cstr: 32142.14.cjss.2025-0088
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李家辉 男, 2000 年8 月出生于山东省临沂市, 研究生就读于中国科学院国家空间科学中心, 主要研究方向为太赫兹星载辐射计冷光学和准光学技术. E-mail: lijiahui221@mails.ucas.ac.cn -
朱皓天 男, 1989年10月出生于江苏省南京市, 现为中国科学院国家空间科学中心研究员, 博士生导师, 主要研究方向为太赫兹科学与技术, 从事太赫兹星载辐射计系统及其关键技术研究. E-mail: zhuhaotian@nssc.ac.cn
作者简介:
通讯作者:
Cold Optical Design of 10 THz Focal Plane Imaging System for Space Applications
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摘要: 空间被动探测的目标信号通常非常微弱, 并且探测系统需要实现高灵敏度和低噪声的要求. 此时, 冷光学的引入成为必然——通过将光学器件(例如透镜和反射镜)集成到低温环境中, 并结合低温探测器, 实现探测需求. 但由于星载设备的冷量有限, 对传统的光学设计提出了约束与实现难度. 基于冷光学理论, 提出了一种基于多重反射的冷光学模型, 并依据该模型对窗口尺寸进行了优化. 完成了10 THz焦平面阵列成像系统方案设计与漏热计算, 系统采用脉冲管耦合节流制冷的空间制冷技术. 完成了冷光学实验, 理论模型与实验结果相互印证.Abstract: In passive space exploration, the target signals are typically extremely weak and the detection system needs to achieve high sensitivity and low noise requirements. To satisfy these demands, cold optics has become indispensable. This method integrates optical components (such as lenses and mirrors) into cryogenic environments and combines them with cryogenic detectors to fulfill the detection needs. However, conventional optical design is constrained by the limited cooling capacity of spaceborne instruments. The research presents a cold optical model based on multi-reflection and optimizes the window size design according to this model. The cold optical experiment conducted in this research demonstrates a strong correlation between the predicted results and the experimental results, thereby confirming the effectiveness of the proposed model. The optimization of the window size is a critical factor in reducing thermal leakage and improving the overall performance of the system. From an optical perspective, the optical path delivers the desired signal; however, from a thermal perspective, it also introduces heat, imposing a thermal load on the cryogenic system. Engineering design must therefore strike a balance between these competing optical and thermal constraints. This research not only advances the field of cold optics but also provides a practical solution for the design of high sensitivity, low-noise detection systems in space applications. The proposed model and experimental validation offer a robust foundation for the development of more efficient and reliable cold optical systems, contributing to the advancement of space exploration technology. The method and results presented in this paper can serve as a reference for further research and development in the field of cold optical systems.
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Key words:
- Terahertz /
- Cold optical /
- Space refrigeration technology /
- Heat leakage calculation
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图 2 冷光学焦平面系统 (a)与辐射传输等效模型(b)
Figure 2. Cold optical focal plane system model (a) and Radiation transfer equivalent model (b)
图 3 2 mm和4 mm厚HDPE太赫兹波段的透过率 (a)与 HDPE实物 (b)
Figure 3. Transmittance of 2 mm and 4 mm thick HDPE in terahertz band (a) and physical picture of HDPE (b)
图 6 10 THz冷光学部分 (a) 与系统实物 (b)
Figure 6. 10 THz cold optical part (a) and physical diagram of the system (b)
图 10 M4计算结果 (a) 与4 K温区计算结果 (b)
Figure 10. Calculation results of M4 (a) and 4 K temperature zone (b)
图 11 实验测试平台 (a) and 杜瓦内部结构 (b)
Figure 11. Experimental test platform (a), and internal structure of the Dewar (b)
图 13 测试系统结构 (a)与成像结果(b)
Figure 13. Structural diagram of the test system (a) and imaging results (b)
表 1 实验结果和仿真结果对比
Table 1. Comparison of experimental measurement results and simulating results
4 K cold plate
(Point A)20 K cold plate
(Point B)80 K cold plate
(Point C)M4
(Point D)Detector
(Point E)Fully closed Simulation/K 4.4 － 88.2 88.7 － Experiment/K 4.5 － 89.0 92.0 － Detector coupling Simulation/K 4.4 19.5 88.2 － － Experiment/K 4.6 20.6 89.0 － － Optical path coupling Simulation/K 4.4 19.8 83.0 85.0 － Experiment/K 4.4 20.2 88.0 90.0 － Detector and optical
path couplingSimulation/K 4.4 19.2 83.0 85.1 4.5 Experiment/K 4.7 19.6 88.0 90.4 4.4 
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表 2 4 K温区的模型计算结果与实验结果比较
Table 2. Comparison of theoretical calculations and experimental measurements at 4 K
Project Detector and optical path coupling Model calculation/mW 124.8 Experiment/mW 128.0 Cooling power/mW 130.0
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