中低纬电离层暴研究新进展

刘立波; 赵必强; 张瑞龙; 孙文杰; 于婷婷

doi:10.11728/cjss2026.05.2025-0205

中低纬电离层暴研究新进展

doi: 10.11728/cjss2026.05.2025-0205 cstr: 32142.14.cjss.2025-0205

刘立波^{1, 2, 4, ,},
赵必强^{1, 3, 4},
张瑞龙^{1, 2, 4},
孙文杰^{1, 3, 4},
于婷婷^{1, 3, 4}

1.
中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所行星科学与前沿技术重点实验室　北京　100029
2.
中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所黑龙江漠河地球物理国家野外科学观测研究站　北京　100029
3.
中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所北京空间环境国家野外科学观测研究站　北京　100029
4.
中国科学院大学地球与行星科学学院　北京　100049

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目(2025YFF0512302)和国家自然科学基金项目(42530201, 42574234)共同资助

详细信息

通讯作者:

刘立波　男, 1970年11月出生于湖南省汉寿县, 现为中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所研究员, 主要研究方向为电离层与高层大气物理研究. E-mail: liul@mail.iggcas.ac.cn

中图分类号: P352
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-12-02
- 修回日期: 2026-02-09
- 网络出版日期: 2026-02-09

New Progress in Research on Mid-and-low-latitude Ionospheric Storms

LIU Libo^{1, 2, 4
, ,},
ZHAO Biqiang^{1, 3, 4},
ZHANG Ruilong^{1, 2, 4},
SUN Wenjie^{1, 3, 4},
YU Tingting^{1, 3, 4}

1.
Key Laboratory of Planetary Science and Frontier Technology, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029
2.
Heilongjiang Mohe National Observatory of Geophysics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029
3.
Beijing National Observatory of Space Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029
4.
College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049

摘要

摘要: 本文梳理了中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所电离层研究团队近年来在电离层暴研究领域取得的主要研究进展. 重点介绍以下5个方面: 中低纬电离层暴响应的大尺度特性与经度依赖性; 暴时电离层–热层系统的耦合过程; 暴时低纬电离层电动力学与动力学响应过程及机理; 暴时中低纬电离层不均匀体的演化与机制; 电离层暴时参数的建模与预报研究. 相关研究综合利用全球与区域多源观测数据、数值模拟、统计分析及深度学习方法, 系统揭示了中低纬电离层暴的时间演化规律与空间分布特征, 并进一步阐释了其物理机制.
- 电离层 /
- 磁暴 /
- 电离层暴 /
- 电离层不均匀体
Abstract: This article reviews the studies conducted by the team from the Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences in the field of ionospheric storms in recent years. The following five aspects will be outlined: the large-scale characteristics and longitude dependence of ionospheric responses to geomagnetic storms in the middle and low latitudes; the coupling process of the ionosphere-thermosphere system during storms; electrodynamics and dynamical response processes and mechanisms of the ionosphere at low latitudes during storms; evolution and mechanism of ionospheric irregularities in the middle and low latitudes during storms; modeling and prediction of parameters during ionospheric storms. These studies, by leveraging global and regional multi-source observations, numerical simulations, statistical analyses, and deep learning, systematically reveal the complicated multi-scale temporal evolution characteristics and spatial dependence of mid-low latitude ionospheric storms, and also explore their underlying physical mechanisms.
- Ionosphere /
- Geomagnetic storms /
- Ionospheric storms /
- Ionospheric irregularity
注释:
医学伦理:
1) 研究不涉及人体或动物实验.
利益冲突:
2) 所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突.

HTML全文

图 1 2012年7月强磁暴期间GRACE卫星向上观测的TEC(南北30°平均值)在亚洲–澳大利亚和美洲扇区的暴时变化及其经度差异^[7]

Figure 1. Storm-time variations of TEC (averaged over ±30°) observed by GRACE satellite in the upward-looking geometry during the intense geomagnetic storm in July 2012, showing the longitudinal differences between the Asian-Australian and American sectors^[7]

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图 2 2003年11月21日磁暴期间观测到的热层成分涡旋结构^[12]

Figure 2. Thermospheric composition vortex structures observed during the geomagnetic storm on 21 November 2003^[12]

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图 3 2023年4月磁暴期间漠河站和北京站G现象事件以及从电子密度剖面中提取的逃逸层温度^[32]

Figure 3. G-condition events observed at Mohe and Beijing stations during the geomagnetic storm in April 2023, along with the exospheric temperatures derived from electron density profiles^[32]

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图 4 2023年4月地磁暴期间漠河站观测到的电离层TEC和F₂层临界频率f₀F₂和峰高h_mF₂以及FP干涉仪观测的温度和四个方向风场V_e, V_w, V_s和V_n等参数及风场散度的振荡现象^[33]

Figure 4. Oscillations of ionospheric TEC, F2 layer critical frequency f₀F₂ and peak height h_mF₂ observed at Mohe station, as well as temperatures and four-directional wind fields (V_e, V_w, V_s, and V_n) and wind field divergence observed by the FPI during the geomagnetic storm in April 2023^[33]

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图 5 2024年5月11日20:00 UT ROTI地图表征的超级EPB (a)与TEC地图表征的等离子体斑块结构(b)^[47]

Figure 5. Super EPB structures characterized by ROTI maps (a) and plasma patch structures characterized by TEC maps (b) at 20:00 UT on May 11, 2024^[47]

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